An apparatus for performing diffuse optical imaging of a patient, said apparatus comprising: a computer; at least one sensor module comprising at least one optical source, at least one photodetector, and calibration data specific to said at least one sensor module; means for communicating between said computer and said at least one sensor module; means for automatically accessing said calibration data; and means for adjusting said apparatus in order to produce calibrated measurements.

Disclosed herein is an optical measuring device including: a light applying section configured to apply exciting light to a sample flowing in a channel; and a scattered light detecting section configured to detect scattered light generated from the sample irradiated with the exciting light on the downstream side of the sample in the traveling direction of the exciting light; the scattered light detecting section including a scattered light separating mask for separating the scattered light into a low numerical aperture component having a numerical aperture not greater than a specific value and a high numerical aperture component having a numerical aperture greater than the specific value; a first detector for detecting the low numerical aperture component; and a second detector for detecting the high numerical aperture component.

Method of characterizing particles suspended in a fluid dispersant by light diffraction, comprising: obtaining measurement data from a detector element, the detector element being arranged to measure the intensity of scattered light; identifying a measurement contribution arising from light scattered by inhomogeneities in the dispersant; processing the measurement data to remove or separate the measurement contribution arising from light scattered by inhomogeneities in the dispersant; calculating a particle size distribution from the processed measurement. The detector element is one of a plurality of detector elements from which the measurement data is obtained. The detector elements are arranged to measure the intensity of scattered light at a plurality of scattering angles, the plurality of scattering angles distributed over a plurality of angles about an illumination axis. Identifying a measurement contribution arising from light scattered by inhomogeneities in the dispersant comprises identifying measured scattered light that is asymmetric about the illumination axis.

An optical detector for particles is provided, including: a channel configured to receive a fluid including at least one particle and to receive at least one incident light ray; a detection system including a plurality of photodetectors, each photodetector being configured to receive light rays coming from the channel and diffused by the at least one particle; and an angular filtering system including a plurality of angular filtering devices each associated with a photodetector of the plurality of photodetectors, each angular filtering device being configured to angularly filter the light rays coming from the channel before reception thereof by the photodetector with which it is associated.

Provided are a radiation detector and a radiation detection apparatus in which the efficiency of detecting radiation is enhanced by increasing a portion capable of detecting radiation. A radiation detector includes a semiconductor part having a plate-like shape, the semiconductor part being provided with a through hole penetrating the semiconductor part, one surface of the semiconductor part being an incident surface for radiation. The semiconductor part has a sensitive portion capable of detecting incident radiation, the sensitive portion including an inner edge of the incident surface.

The present disclosure relates to a calibration insert for the adjustment, calibration, and/or implementation of a function test of an optical sensor that is designed to measure at least one measurand in a medium by means of light, the calibration insert including: an inlet cross-section through which light enters into the calibration insert; an outlet cross-section through which light exits from the calibration insert; and at least one blocking element that is arranged between the inlet cross-section and the outlet cross-section, wherein the blocking element does not entirely let through the light, independently of its wavelength, from the inlet cross-section to the outlet cross-section. Instead, the blocking element partially absorbs, reflects, or scatters the light, wherein the ratio of the intensity of the light at the outlet cross-section to the intensity of the light at the inlet cross-section corresponds to a value of the measurand.

An optical detector for particles is provided, including: a channel configured to receive a fluid including at least one particle and to receive at least one incident light ray; a detection system including a plurality of photodetectors, each photodetector being configured to receive light rays coming from the channel and diffused by the at least one particle; and an angular filtering system including a plurality of angular filtering devices each associated with a photodetector of the plurality of photodetectors, each angular filtering device being configured to angularly filter the light rays coming from the channel before reception thereof by the photodetector with which it is associated.

Provided are a radiation detector and a radiation detection apparatus in which the efficiency of detecting radiation is enhanced by increasing a portion capable of detecting radiation.

A radiation detector (1) includes a semiconductor part (12) having a plate-like shape, the semiconductor part being provided with a through hole (11) penetrating the semiconductor part (12), one surface of the semiconductor part (12) being an incident surface (121) for radiation. The semiconductor part (12) has a sensitive portion (18) capable of detecting incident radiation, the sensitive portion (18) including an inner edge (122) of the incident surface (121).

Method of characterizing particles suspended in a fluid dispersant by light diffraction, comprising: obtaining measurement data from a detector element, the detector element being arranged to measure the intensity of scattered light; identifying a measurement contribution arising from light scattered by inhomogeneities in the dispersant; processing the measurement data to remove or separate the measurement contribution arising from light scattered by inhomogeneities in the dispersant; calculating a particle size distribution from the processed measurement. The detector element is one of a plurality of detector elements from which the measurement data is obtained. The detector elements are arranged to measure the intensity of scattered light at a plurality of scattering angles, the plurality of scattering angles distributed over a plurality of angles about an illumination axis. Identifying a measurement contribution arising from light scattered by inhomogeneities in the dispersant comprises identifying measured scattered light that is asymmetric about the illumination axis.

An illumination system includes a measurement stage on which a measurement target is located, a light-providing part having illumination sections providing multi-directional incident lights to the measurement target, a light-receiving part receiving single-directional reflection lights reflected by the measurement target according to the multi-directional incident lights, and a processing part that performs acquiring a first distribution of intensities the single-directional reflection lights with respect to the multi-directional incident lights, acquiring, from the first distribution, a second distribution of intensities of multi-directional reflections lights with respect to a single-directional incident light, and determining material of the measurement target based on parameters of the second distribution. A method of recognizing material using the illumination system and a computer readable non-transitory recording medium recording a program embodying the method are provided.