An apparatus for generating a two dimensional map representative of a turbid or clear medium (11) includes a system (12) for generating incoherent light within a medium (11), a light collecting system (13) that is movable or stationary relative to the medium (11) being analyzed and that is arranged for collecting light exiting the medium (11), and a spectrum analyzer (14) configured to determine spectrum data of the light exiting the turbid medium (11) and to transmit the spectrum data to a computing unit (15). The computing unit (15) is configured to generate a two dimensional map, in which one dimension of the map is wavelength and a second dimension is a position of the light collecting system (13). The invention is also direct-ed to a method for classifying media using the two dimensional map generated with the apparatus. The method comprises steps of feeding and training neural networks and using the trained neural networks to classify unknown media.

A hemispherical scanning optical scatterometer and method for its use for measuring scattered radiation, with a reflected scatter measurement laser, and/or a transmitted scatter measurement laser, an array of optical detectors, a computer controlled system to rotate the array of optical detectors, an electronic system, a computer interface and a computer for processing the signal.

The present disclosure provides a marbled molded product obtained by injection-molding, in a mold cavity, a mixture including: a thermoplastic resin including one selected from the group of polycarbonate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polybutylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and combinations thereof; and fine pigment particles, where a pattern forming a texture is formed on the surface of the injection-molded product. The present disclosure also provides a system for evaluating a marble color effect of a marbled molded product, the system including: a light source unit, an image-capturing unit, an image processing unit and an evaluation factor determination unit.

A system for measuring a periodic array of structures on a sample is provided. The system includes an optical source configured to produce an optical beam; an optical system configured to control the polarization of the optical beam and to focus the optical beam with a first NA.sub.1 on a sample surface and to sweep the angle of incidence across a range of angles with an approximately fixed focal position on a sample surface with a second NA.sub.2 wherein NA.sub.2>NA.sub.1; additional optical components configured to receive the optical beam reflected from the sample surface and to focus the reflected beam onto a detector; and a recording system to record the reflectivity of the sample surface as a function of the angle of incidence.

A surface characteristics evaluation method for evaluating a surface characteristic of a painted surface including a glittering material, including: a multi-angle condition image acquisition step S101 for acquiring a multi-angle condition image including multi-angle conditions in a continuous manner by performing an image-capturing process to capture how a reflection condition of the painted surface changes when rotating an illumination device 2 emitting light onto the painted surface, the image-capturing process being performed by the line scan camera 4 while a sample P having the painted surface is moved in a certain direction; an in-plane chromaticity distribution acquisition step S102 for acquiring an in-plane chromaticity distribution of the painted surface from the multi-angle condition image acquired; and a surface characteristics evaluation step S107 for calculating particle characteristics S as surface characteristics evaluation values of the multi-angle conditions, on the basis of the in-plane chromaticity distribution acquired.

A system for measuring a periodic array of structures on a sample is provided. The system includes an optical source configured to produce an optical beam; an optical system configured to control the polarization of the optical beam and to focus the optical beam with a first NA.sub.1 on a sample surface and to sweep the angle of incidence across a range of angles with an approximately fixed focal position on a sample surface with a second NA.sub.2 wherein NA.sub.2>NA.sub.1; additional optical components configured to receive the optical beam reflected from the sample surface and to focus the reflected beam onto a detector; and a recording system to record the reflectivity of the sample surface as a function of the angle of incidence.

The invention relates to an apparatus for detecting an object. The apparatus includes a first circular-arc-shaped support element being rotatable about a first axis of rotation and a plurality of image detection devices disposed at the first circular-arc-shaped support element. At least one second circular-arc-shaped support element is rotatable about a second axis of rotation and a plurality of light sources is disposed at the at least one second circular-arc-shaped support element. The first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation intersect at least at one point of intersection. A method for detecting an object by using the apparatus is also provided.

A system for measuring the reflectivity of a painted object includes an electromagnetic wave source that emits an electromagnetic wave, a panel that holds the painted object, with the panel being movable to adjust an incident angle of the electromagnetic wave onto the panel, a reflector to receive and direct electromagnetic waves that are reflected by the painted object towards the reflector, a detector to detect an intensity of electromagnetic waves, and a control unit. The control unit is communicatively connected to the panel and to the detector. The control unit determines the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave, receives the intensity of the electromagnetic wave detected by the detector, and determines the reflectivity of the painted object as a function of the intensity of the electromagnetic wave detected by the detector over a predetermined range of incident angle values.

A system for measuring the reflectivity of a painted object includes an electromagnetic wave source that emits an electromagnetic wave, a panel that holds the painted object, with the panel being movable to adjust an incident angle of the electromagnetic wave onto the panel, a reflector to receive and direct electromagnetic waves that are reflected by the painted object towards the reflector, a detector to detect an intensity of electromagnetic waves, and a control unit. The control unit is communicatively connected to the panel and to the detector. The control unit determines the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave, receives the intensity of the electromagnetic wave detected by the detector, and determines the reflectivity of the painted object as a function of the intensity of the electromagnetic wave detected by the detector over a predetermined range of incident angle values.

Early warning of changing health and robustness is given by tracking of ease of morphological changes in blood cells obtained by comparing intensities in a first scattered light intensity angular distribution and intensities in a second scattered light intensity angular distribution, with the light being scattered by blood cells into very narrowly forward scattered light intensity angular range.