Disclosed are an apparatus for measuring an in-situ crosslink density includes a support configured to fix or support a cross-linkable structure, a light source configured to irradiate light for crosslinking to the cross-linkable structure, and a probe configured to provide in-situ micro-deformation to the cross-linkable structure, wherein the in-situ crosslink density of the cross-linkable structure is measured from a stress-strain phase lag of the cross-linkable structure by the in-situ micro-deformation, a method of measuring the in-situ crosslink density, a method of manufacturing a crosslinked product, a crosslinked product obtained by the method, and a polymer substrate and an electronic device including the crosslinked product.

An ultrasonic sensing technique and a signal interpretation method based on a spectral element multiphase poromechanical approach overcomes critical gaps in permafrost, frozen soil, and saturated soil characterization. Ultrasonic sensing produces high-quality response signals that are sensitive to the soil properties. A transfer function denoting a ratio of induced displacement and applied force in the frequency domain, is independent of the distribution of the stress force applied by the transducer to the sample, and allows interpretation of the measured electrical signal using a theoretical transfer function relation to efficiently determine the most probable properties from response signals using an inverse spectral element multiphase poromechanical approach. This ultrasonic sensing technique enables rapid characterization of soil samples in terms of both physical and mechanical properties. The Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) system can be used in a laboratory setup or brought on site for in-situ investigation of permafrost, frozen, and saturated soil samples.

Methods and systems for characterizing multiple properties of a cement composition for use at downhole conditions using ultrasonic analysis tools are provided. In some embodiments, the methods comprise: transmitting at least a first p-wave and a second p-wave having different frequencies through a cement composition; determining velocities of the first and second p-waves through the sample; transmitting at least a third p-wave having a third frequency through the cement composition while allowing the cement composition to at least partially hydrate, wherein the third frequency is higher than the second frequency; determining at least a velocity of the third p-wave through the cement composition; based at least in part on the velocities of the p-waves, determining at least the compressibility, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, and shear modulus of the cement composition.

A device for in-situ measuring settleability of activated sludge includes a sample chamber, an ultrasonic time domain reflectometer, a magnetic stirrer, an ultrasonic probe, a sample inlet, a sample outlet, and a stagnant zone. The sample chamber is configured to hold an activated sludge sample, and the ultrasonic time domain reflectometer is configured to measure the settling characteristics of the activated sludge. The stagnant zone is disposed in the sample chamber. The sample inlet and the sample outlet communicate with the sample chamber. The stagnant zone includes a top part, a sidewall, and a bottom part. The sample inlet is connected to the top part of the stagnant zone. The sample outlet is connected to the sidewall of the stagnant zone. The magnetic stirrer is disposed at the bottom part of the stagnant zone. The ultrasonic probe is disposed on the top part of the stagnant zone.

Methods and devices for additive manufacturing of workpieces are provided. For analysis during production, a test is carried out using a selected test method. The test results are compared with simulated test results derived during a simulation of the manufacturing and testing. The test may use one or more of a laser ultrasound test unit, an electronic laser speckle interferometry test unit, an infrared thermography test unit, or an x-ray test unit.

The present disclosure provides a system and method for real-time visualization of a material during ultrasonic non-destructive testing. The system includes a graphical user interface (GUI) capable of showing a three-dimensional (3-D) image of a composite laminate constructed of a series of two-dimensional (2-D) cross sections. The GUI is capable of displaying the 3-D image as each additional 2-D cross section is scanned by an ultrasonic testing apparatus in real time or near real time, including probable defect regions that contain a flaw such as a hole, crack, wrinkle, or foreign object within the composite. Furthermore, in one embodiment, the system includes an artificial intelligence capable of highlighting defect areas within the 3-D image in real time or near real time and providing data regarding each defect area, such as the depth, size, and/or type of each defect.

An ultrasonic device to characterize the flow of resin entering and exiting an injection mold during the phase of impregnation, by the resin, of a preform contained in the mold. The device includes two ultrasonic sensors arranged respectively in the vicinity of the inlet port where the resin enters the mold and in the vicinity of the outlet port where the resin exits the mold. Each sensor emits an ultrasonic wave towards the end of the mold in the vicinity of which it is positioned, and receives the ultrasonic wave reflected by the medium. Preferably, the device determines the stabilization of the flow of resin passing through the mold based on the signals received by the sensors. A method for implementing the device to determine the completeness of the operation of impregnating, with resin, a preform positioned in an injection mold into which the resin is introduced.

A sample testing cartridge is usable to perform a variety of tests on a visco-elastic sample, such hemostasis testing on a whole blood or blood component sample. The cartridge includes a sample processing portion that is in fluid communication with a sample retention structure. A suspension, such as a beam, arm, cantilever or similar structure supports or suspends the sample retention portion relative to the sample processing portion in a unitary structure. In this manner, the sample retention portion may be placed into dynamic excitation responsive to excitation of the cartridge and correspondingly dynamic, resonant excitation of the sample contained within the sample retention portion, while the sample processing portion remains fixed. Observation of the excited sample yields data indicative of hemostasis. The data may correspond to hemostasis parameters such as time to initial clot formation, rate of clot formation, maximum clot strength and degree of clot lysis.

Apparatus and associated methods relate to determining liquid-water concentration in a cloud atmosphere based on a frequency of resonance of a magnetostrictive resonator and/or a temporal variation of the resonant frequency of the magnetostrictive resonator. The magnetostrictive resonator is configured to resonate at a resonant frequency indicative of a measure of ice accumulation upon an exterior surface of the magnetostrictive resonator. When in liquid-water ambient, however, the magnetostrictive resonator has a resonant frequency less than a baseline resonant frequency. When in the liquid-water ambient, the magnetostrictive resonator also has temporal variations in resonant frequency that exceed one part in ten thousand. Using one or both of these resonant-frequency responses to liquid-water ambient, a signal indicative of liquid-water content can be generated.

Described embodiments include a culture incubator, method, and sensor circuit. A culture incubator includes an accessible incubation compartment configured to contain a culture item at a specified incubation temperature; a phase change material having a phase transition temperature over the specified incubation temperature; and a heat transfer element in thermal communication with the phase change material and configured to transfer heat to the phase change material. A sensor circuit is configured to acquire data indicative of a phase composition state of the phase change material. A manager circuit is configured to determine a difference between the phase composition state and a target phase composition state for the phase change material. A controller circuit is configured to transfer heat to the phase change material in an amount estimated to change the phase composition state of the phase change material to the target phase composition state.