In accordance with some embodiments herein, methods of determining signatures of HMGB1 isoforms in a subject are provided. In some embodiments, antibodies that bind specifically to HMGB1 isoforms are provided. In some embodiments, immunoassay kits are provided.

Methods for determining the relative abundance of intact adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid components in a sample of recombinant AAV particles are disclosed. In embodiments, the methods include a system regeneration process that minimizes or eliminates the presence of ghost peaks to maximize analytical accuracy and ensure product quality and consistency.

Site-specific modifications of proteins are desirable in biotechnological applications such as biopharmaceuticals, immunotherapy, vaccines, and are useful in chemical biology. Gluconoylation is a non-enzymatic, covalent, post-translational modification commonly observed on N-terminal His-Tags bearing proteins. We synthesized glucono-1,5-lactone derivatives, including azido variants for selective acylation. High yield acylation is achieved by simply mixing derivatives with target protein amidst diverse conditions of temperatures, aqueous buffers, excipients, or complex cell lysate.

Aspects of the application relate to methods and systems for obtaining information regarding multiple amino acids in a polypeptide based on binding interactions between the polypeptide and one or more amino acid recognizers. Kinetic signature information may be obtained from a series of signal pulses indicative of a series of binding events between one or more amino acid recognizers and an amino acid of a polypeptide (e.g., a terminal amino acid, an internal amino acid). The kinetic signature information (e.g., pulse duration, interpulse duration, recognition segment (RS) duration, intersegment duration) may be used to determine one or more chemical characteristics (e.g., identity, modification) of multiple amino acids of the polypeptide.

In various embodiments methods are provided for identifying a mammal having an elevated risk for an adverse cardiac event (e.g. an MI) and/or determining the prognosis for the mammal. In certain embodiments the methods comprise determining, or causing to be determined, the presence and/or level of antibodies that bind a malondialdehyde acetaldehyde adduct (MAA adduct) in a biological sample from the mammal, where an elevated level of anti-MAA adduct antibodies, as compared to the level found in a normal healthy mammal is an indicator that that said mammal has one or more atherosclerotic lesions and/or is at elevated risk for a myocardial infarction.

The invention relates to a new method of determining the presence, absence, number or position(s) of one or more post-translational modifications in a peptide, polypeptide or protein. The invention uses transmembrane pores.

The present invention relates to an antibody for detecting acetylation of COX2 protein, and uses thereof, and more specifically, to an antibody that specifically recognizes the acetylation of S565 residue of the COX2 protein; and uses thereof for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases or inflammatory diseases. An antibody or a functional fragment thereof according to the present invention specifically binds to an acetylated residue of COX2 protein, and can thus be very effectively used for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, and the like in which the degree of acetylation of S565 residue of the COX2 protein is reduced.

In various embodiments methods of distinguishing Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis are provided. In certain embodiments the methods comprise determining, or causing to be determined, the level of IgG antibodies that bind a malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adduct (MAA adduct) in a biological sample from a mammal, where an elevated level of said antibodies as compared to the average level found in a mammal with Crohn's disease is an indicator that the mammal has ulcerative colitis rather than Crohn's disease.

The present invention encompasses the recognition that identification of alternative means to block RAS oncogenic signaling may be required for developing novel cancer therapies. Among other things, the present invention encompasses the recognition that targeting RAS palmitoylation can achieve effective therapy for RAS-related cancers. Furthermore, the present invention encompasses the recognition that reduction of ZDHHC9 level and/or activity can significantly reduce palmitoylation level of Ras protein. Among other things, the present invention encompasses the recognition that identification of agents that modulate expression and/or activity of ZDHHC9 can reduce palmitoylation level of Ras protein. In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods of treating a subject suffering from cancer by administering ZDHHC9 inhibition therapy.

The present application provides methods for preparing soluble lipidated ligand agents comprising a ligand entity and a lipid entity, and in some embodiments, provides relevant parameters of each of these components, thereby enabling appropriate selection of components to assemble active agents for any given target of interest.