The invention relates to a method and apparatus for evaluating reaction molecular byproducts of pyrotechnic reactions. A closed calorimetry bomb holds pyrotechnic material, which is detonated by a charge. The calorimetry bomb is vented directly into a gas chromatography machine, where gas phase molecules are separated based on their polarity. The separated molecules are then injected into a mass spectrometer and characterized by their mass fragmentation. The remaining residual solids within the bomb are extracted and injected into a liquid chromatography instrument where they are separated by their polarity. The separated molecules are then injected into a mass spectrometer and characterized by their mass fragmentation pattern. The method provides a complete picture of the reaction pathways and products to aid in regulatory compliance of incorporating energetic materials into real-world applications, particularly those in the family of PFAS containing compositions.

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for evaluating reaction molecular byproducts of pyrotechnic reactions. A closed calorimetry bomb holds pyrotechnic material, which is detonated by a charge. The calorimetry bomb is vented directly into a gas chromatography machine, where gas phase molecules are separated based on their polarity. The separated molecules are then injected into a mass spectrometer and characterized by their mass fragmentation. The remaining residual solids within the bomb are extracted and injected into a liquid chromatography instrument where they are separated by their polarity. The separated molecules are then injected into a mass spectrometer and characterized by their mass fragmentation pattern. The method provides a complete picture of the reaction pathways and products to aid in regulatory compliance of incorporating energetic materials into real-world applications, particularly those in the family of PFAS containing compositions.

The invention relates to a controlled combustion system for the simultaneous analysis of the thermodynamic efficiency of combustion and total polluting emissions in solids with combustible potential, including: a pre-chamber, a combustion chamber, a heat transfer unit which includes a connection for a device that analyses combustion gases to determine the performance of combustion and burning, and a unit for storing the combustion emissions, which comprises a container for storing the sample and a means of collecting samples for the simultaneous collection of gases and particulate matter for analyzing the combustion emissions.

The invention relates to a controlled combustion system for the simultaneous analysis of the thermodynamic efficiency of combustion and total polluting emissions in solids with combustible potential, including: a pre-chamber, a combustion chamber, a heat transfer unit which includes a connection for a device that analyses combustion gases to determine the performance of combustion and burning, and a unit for storing the combustion emissions, which comprises a container for storing the sample and a means of collecting samples for the simultaneous collection of gases and particulate matter for analyzing the combustion emissions.

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for evaluating reaction molecular byproducts of pyrotechnic reactions. A closed calorimetry bomb holds pyrotechnic material, which is detonated by a charge. The calorimetry bomb is vented directly into a gas chromatography machine, where gas phase molecules are separated based on their polarity. The separated molecules are then injected into a mass spectrometer and characterized by their mass fragmentation. The remaining residual solids within the bomb are extracted and injected into a liquid chromatography instrument where they are separated by their polarity. The separated molecules are then injected into a mass spectrometer and characterized by their mass fragmentation pattern. The method provides a complete picture of the reaction pathways and products to aid in regulatory compliance of incorporating energetic materials into real-world applications, particularly those in the family of PFAS containing compositions.

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for evaluating reaction molecular byproducts of pyrotechnic reactions. A closed calorimetry bomb holds pyrotechnic material, which is detonated by a charge. The calorimetry bomb is vented directly into a gas chromatography machine, where gas phase molecules are separated based on their polarity. The separated molecules are then injected into a mass spectrometer and characterized by their mass fragmentation. The remaining residual solids within the bomb are extracted and injected into a liquid chromatography instrument where they are separated by their polarity. The separated molecules are then injected into a mass spectrometer and characterized by their mass fragmentation pattern. The method provides a complete picture of the reaction pathways and products to aid in regulatory compliance of incorporating energetic materials into real-world applications, particularly those in the family of PFAS containing compositions.

The invention relates to improvements in the technical field of calorimetry. Hereby, in particular, a calorimeter (1) is proposed, that exhibits a pressure vessel (2) that is provided with a strain gauge (8). This is with the aim of coming to a conclusion on the deformation of a pressure vessel (2) when conducting calorimetric measurements at least indirectly on the internal pressure in the pressure vessel (2).

The invention relates to improvements in the technical field of calorimetry. Hereby, in particular, a calorimeter (1) is proposed, that exhibits a pressure vessel (2) that is provided with a strain gauge (8). This is with the aim of coming to a conclusion on the deformation of a pressure vessel (2) when conducting calorimetric measurements at least indirectly on the internal pressure in the pressure vessel (2).

Methods and systems for high temperature, high pressure isothermal calorimetry are disclosed. The calorimetric system includes an ampoule having a body portion and a lid configured to completely seal the body portion. One or more solid reagents are disposed in the body portion of the ampoule, and a container is disposed within the body portion of the ampoule. The container separately stores one or more fluids for mixing with the one or more solid reagents. The lid is spring loaded and wound by a winding key for stirring the one or more solid reagents with the one or more fluids to form a homogenous mixture.

Methods and systems for high temperature, high pressure isothermal calorimetry are disclosed. The calorimetric system includes an ampoule having a body portion and a lid configured to completely seal the body portion. One or more solid reagents are disposed in the body portion of the ampoule, and a container is disposed within the body portion of the ampoule. The container separately stores one or more fluids for mixing with the one or more solid reagents. The lid is spring loaded and wound by a winding key for stirring the one or more solid reagents with the one or more fluids to form a homogenous mixture.