Provided are an active droplet generating apparatus capable of controlling a droplet size, a method of controlling a droplet size using the same, and a self-diagnosis apparatus for diagnosing generation of a droplet, the active droplet generating apparatus including: a disposable microchannel upper plate; a multifunctional lower plate separated from the disposable microchannel upper plate and configured to be permanently used separately from the disposable microchannel upper plate; a functional polymeric film provided on a lower surface of the upper plate; a negative pressure forming means; and a flow velocity control device configured to adjust the droplet size to a desired size by receiving, by feedback, the voltage value measured by the droplet measuring electrode and controlling flow velocities of the oil and the sample, thereby controlling the droplet size in a feedback control manner by quickly and accurately measuring the droplet size using a capacitance impedance technique.

Provided are an active droplet generating apparatus capable of controlling a droplet size, a method of controlling a droplet size using the same, and a self-diagnosis apparatus for diagnosing generation of a droplet, the active droplet generating apparatus including: a disposable microchannel upper plate; a multifunctional lower plate separated from the disposable microchannel upper plate and configured to be permanently used separately from the disposable microchannel upper plate; a functional polymeric film provided on a lower surface of the upper plate; a negative pressure forming means; and a flow velocity control device configured to adjust the droplet size to a desired size by receiving, by feedback, the voltage value measured by the droplet measuring electrode and controlling flow velocities of the oil and the sample, thereby controlling the droplet size in a feedback control manner by quickly and accurately measuring the droplet size using a capacitance impedance technique.

A system and method for monitoring environmental state that includes a structure element with a base substrate and at least one reflector element integrated to the base substrate, wherein the reflector element is physically configured with at least one response signature that is discretely expressed based on an substance induced environmental condition of the reflector element; and a remote monitor device comprising a transmitter and receiver unit and a controller, wherein the monitor device is configured to interrogate the structure element; detect a response signature corresponding to at least the one reflector element; and map the response signature to a corresponding substance induced environmental condition.

A system and method for monitoring environmental state that includes a structure element with a base substrate and at least one reflector element integrated to the base substrate, wherein the reflector element is physically configured with at least one response signature that is discretely expressed based on an substance induced environmental condition of the reflector element; and a remote monitor device comprising a transmitter and receiver unit and a controller, wherein the monitor device is configured to interrogate the structure element; detect a response signature corresponding to at least the one reflector element; and map the response signature to a corresponding substance induced environmental condition.

Methods and devices for obtaining approximate property data from the aqueous liquid phase of a multiphase fluid produced from a well. The device includes a separation vessel; a demulsifier source; a fresh water source configured to dilute an aqueous liquid phase sample; a water analysis unit configured to receive and analyze the diluted aqueous liquid phase sample, the water analysis unit comprising an analytical cell and at least one probe, the at least one probe having a membrane-coated sensor tip wherein the membrane-coated sensor tip having a membrane coating that comprises a polar material, the at least one probe being configured to measure a property of the diluted aqueous liquid phase sample to obtain diluted aqueous liquid phase sample data; a processing unit configured to calculate approximate aqueous liquid phase data accounting for the measured amount of fresh water used to dilute the measured sample of the aqueous liquid phase.

Methods and devices for obtaining approximate property data from the aqueous liquid phase of a multiphase fluid produced from a well. The method includes introducing a discrete sample of the multiphase fluid to a separation vessel; mixing a demulsifier with the discrete sample of the multiphase fluid; allowing the multiphase fluid to separate into separate liquid phases; drawing a measured sample of the aqueous liquid phase from the separation vessel, and diluting it with a measured amount of fresh water; analyzing the diluted aqueous liquid phase sample in a water analysis unit to measure a property of the diluted aqueous liquid phase sample and obtain diluted aqueous liquid phase sample data; and calculating the approximate aqueous liquid phase property data using the diluted aqueous liquid phase sample data and accounting for the amount of fresh water used to dilute the measured sample of the aqueous liquid phase.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to apparatus and methods for verification and re-use of process fluids. The apparatus generally includes a tool for performing lithography, and a recirculation path coupled to the tool. The recirculation path generally includes a collection unit coupled at first end to a first end of the tool, and a probe coupled at a first end to a second end of the collection unit, the probe for determining one or more characteristics of a fluid flowing from the tool. The recirculation path of the apparatus further generally includes a purification unit coupled at a first end to a third end of the collection unit, the purification unit further coupled at a second end to a second end of the probe, the purification unit for changing a characteristic of the fluid.

Systems and methods for cooling a datacenter are disclosed. In at least one embodiment, a chemical property monitoring subsystem (CPMS) is associated with one or more flow controllers to determine a change in chemistry associated with a primary coolant or a secondary coolant, so that one or more flow controllers can cause a change in coolant state of a secondary coolant or a primary coolant based in part on a change in their chemistry.

Systems and methods for cooling a datacenter are disclosed. In at least one embodiment, a chemical property monitoring subsystem (CPMS) is associated with one or more flow controllers to determine a change in chemistry associated with a primary coolant or a secondary coolant, so that one or more flow controllers can cause a change in coolant state of a secondary coolant or a primary coolant based in part on a change in their chemistry.

Disclosed is a salinity detection device. The salinity detection device has a collection plate, a mounting frame, and a sensor portion including a predominantly non-metallic sensor. The device may be mounted in a wheel well of a vehicle via the mounting frame and the collection plate may be attached to the mounting frame and positioned behind a wheel such that water on a road surface may be splashed thereon. The collection plate is fluidically connected to the sensor portion so that water may flow through the sensor portion proximate the sensor to measure a current flowing through the water and determine a salinity thereof.