Methods for increasing the hydrolytic resistance of a glass article are disclosed. According to one embodiment, the method includes providing a glass article with a pre-treatment hydrolytic titration value. Thereafter, the glass article is thermally treated at a treatment temperature greater than a temperature 200C less than a strain temperature of the glass article for a treatment time greater than or equal to about 0.25 hours such that, after thermally treating the glass article, the glass article has a post-treatment hydrolytic titration value that is less than the pre-treatment hydrolytic titration value.

The disclosure relates to systems and methods for detecting and correcting errors in pH meter calibration or function when changing the pH of a sample, comprising measuring an initial pH, adding two or more amounts of titrant and measuring corresponding pH values, and applying a model to determine if the measured pH values correspond to pH values predicted by the model. The systems and methods can be used to control pH during viral inactivation of protein samples.

Systems for quantifying one or more target analyte concentrations in a process solution are provided and can be used, for example, in methods for quantifying a target analyte concentration. These systems and methods include continuous and batchwise automated titration methods that use titration chemistries to measure the target analyte concentration in the process solution using a multiwavelength detector. The methods provide for efficient and robust automated titration methods for a variety of target analytes and can include methods that analyze more than one analyte and that provide for a dynamic range for measurement of more than one target analyte concentration.

The present invention generally relates to continuous methods quantifying a target analyte concentration in a process solution. These methods are continuous automated titration methods that use titration chemistries to measure the target analyte concentration in the process solution. The method steps provide for efficient and robust automated titration methods for a variety of target analytes.

Systems for quantifying a target analyte concentration in a process solution are provided and can be used, for example, in methods for quantifying a target analyte concentration. These systems and methods include continuous automated titration methods that use titration chemistries to measure the target analyte concentration in the process solution. The method steps provide for efficient and robust automated titration methods for a variety of target analytes and can include methods that provide for methods that provide a dynamic range for measurement of target analyte concentrations.

A titration apparatus includes a titration measuring cell with a titration vessel, a valve device, and a first pump for sucking liquid through a first fluid line into a temporary storage container and transporting it via a second fluid line into the titration vessel. The temporary storage container is arranged in a fluid path between the first pump and the valve device. A third fluid line connects the first pump to the temporary storage container and is filled with a working liquid that does not affect the titration. A second pump conveys a volumetric solution into the titration vessel. An electronic controller controls the first and the second pumps and the valve device to convey a liquid from the first liquid supply into the temporary storage container to transport the liquid into the titration vessel and transport the volumetric solution into the titration vessel to carry out titration.

A method for determining a concentration of a chemical of interest in a recirculating analyte system includes the steps of selecting a first indicator threshold, measuring the flow rate of the recirculating analyte system, controllably adding a known amount of reagent to the recirculating analyte system at an known flow rate, repetitively measuring an indicator of the recirculating analyte system downstream from the addition of the reagent, and computing the concentration of the chemical of interest of the recirculating analyte system when the indicator measurement crosses the indicator threshold.

Methods for increasing the hydrolytic resistance of a glass article are disclosed. According to one embodiment, the method includes providing a glass article with a pre-treatment hydrolytic titration value. Thereafter, the glass article is thermally treated at a treatment temperature greater than a temperature 200 C less than a strain temperature of the glass article for a treatment time greater than or equal to about 0.25 hours such that, after thermally treating the glass article, the glass article has a post-treatment hydrolytic titration value that is less than the pre-treatment hydrolytic titration value.

A titration apparatus includes a titration measuring cell with a titration vessel, a valve device, and a first pump for sucking liquid through a first fluid line into a temporary storage container and transporting it via a second fluid line into the titration vessel. The temporary storage container is arranged in a fluid path between the first pump and the valve device. A third fluid line connects the first pump to the temporary storage container and is filled with a working liquid that does not affect the titration. A second pump conveys a volumetric solution into the titration vessel. An electronic controller controls the first and the second pumps and the valve device to convey a liquid from the first liquid supply into the temporary storage container to transport the liquid into the titration vessel and transport the volumetric solution into the titration vessel to carry out titration.

Systems for quantifying one or more target analyte concentrations in a process solution are provided and can be used, for example, in methods for quantifying a target analyte concentration. These systems and methods include continuous and batchwise automated titration methods that use titration chemistries to measure the target analyte concentration in the process solution using a multiwavelength detector. The methods provide for efficient and robust automated titration methods for a variety of target analytes and can include methods that analyze more than one analyte and that provide for a dynamic range for measurement of more than one target analyte concentration.