A material screening process of generating input features for each material of a subset of materials to be screened, generating target properties for each material of the subset of materials, inputting screening conditions, the input features, and the target properties into a material screening artificial intelligence model and training the material screening artificial intelligence model based on the inputs. Once the model is trained, inputting a dataset of materials to be screened into the trained material screening artificial intelligence model, the dataset of materials includes the subset of materials used to train the model, screening the dataset of materials on the trained material screening artificial intelligence model using the screening conditions and ranking the materials of the dataset based on predicted target properties obtained from the screening.

The present invention provides a method for measuring the gastric acidity of a mammal using a .sup.13C-labeled carbonate compound. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for measuring the gastric acidity of a mammal including the following steps:

(1) using, as a test sample, expired air of a mammalian subject excreted at any point in time within 30 minutes after oral administration of a predetermined amount of a .sup.13C-labeled carbonate compound, measuring behavior of .sup.13CO.sub.2 in the expired air;

(2) comparing the behavior of .sup.13CO.sub.2 (measured .sup.13CO.sub.2 behavior) obtained in step (1) with the behavior of corresponding .sup.13CO.sub.2 (reference .sup.13CO.sub.2 behavior) that has been obtained beforehand in a control mammal; and

(3) determining the gastric acidity of the mammalian subject based on a difference between the reference .sup.13CO.sub.2 behavior and the measured .sup.13CO.sub.2 behavior obtained above.

A thin film gas sensor device includes a substrate, a first pillar, a second pillar, a nanostructured thin film layer, and a first and a second electrical contact. The first and second pillars are supported by the substrate. The nanostructured thin film layer is formed with a semi-conductor material including holes. The semiconductor material is configured to undergo a reduction in a density of the holes in the presence of a target gas, thereby increasing an electrical resistance of the nanostructured thin film layer. The first and the second electrical contacts are operably connected to the nanostructured thin film layer, such that the increase in electrical resistance can be detected.

A gas sensor includes a first thermistor as a detection element, a second thermistor as a reference element, a first heater for heating the first thermistor, a second heater for heating the second thermistor, and a control circuit that heats the first and second heaters such that the second thermistor has a higher temperature than the first thermistor in a first period of time and that the first thermistor has a higher temperature than the second thermistor in a second period of time.

An example CO.sub.2 monitoring systems is configured for monitoring levels of CO.sub.2 in a wellbore. A CO.sub.2 monitoring system may include one or more laser monitoring tools. A laser monitoring tool may include an optical element to output a laser beam, a detector to receive the laser beam, a first chamber housing the optical element and detector, and a second chamber including an inlet and an outlet receive and release, respectively, wellbore fluid. The first chamber may be in fluid connection with second chamber via a gas permeable membrane. Gas may permeate from second chamber into first chamber. Gas in the first chamber is subjected to a laser beam. Absorption of light by the gas is measured, and content of gas is determined based at least in part on the amount of light absorption by the gas.

A portable electronic device for use in different orientations includes a signal control module, a key control module, an information display module, and a position detection module. The key control module includes a plurality of functional switches and functional keys. The signal control module has a plurality of key function execution commands respectively corresponding to the functional keys. The position detection module is configured for detecting a placement orientation of the portable electronic device. When the portable electronic device is rotated to change the placement orientation of the information display module, a screen orientation of an information display image provided by the information display module is changed following a change of the placement orientation of the information display module, and a corresponding relationship between the functional switch and the key function execution command is changed following the change of the placement orientation of the information display module.

Determining when a barometric-based approach for estimating an unknown altitude of a mobile device should not be used. Different approaches determine if estimating an unknown altitude of a mobile device using a measured atmospheric condition will result in an estimated altitude having acceptable or unacceptable error. If use of the measured atmospheric condition would result in acceptable error, the measured atmospheric condition is used to estimate the unknown altitude. If use of the measured atmospheric condition would result in unacceptable error, the measured atmospheric condition is not used to estimate the unknown altitude. The resultant altitude estimate is then used to locate the mobile device.

The invention relates to a measurement apparatus for measuring the concentration of a gaseous substance. The apparatus comprises a light source, a light sensor, and a housing comprising at least one first housing member having a low thermal conductivity. A light path is formed from said light source to said light sensor, wherein the light path passes through a measurement region within said housing. The light source is configured to emit light with a spectral distribution such that said light is absorbed by said gaseous substance. Said light sensor is configured to receive the light emitted by the light source after it has passed through the measurement region. The first housing member comprises a thermal shielding region facing said measurement region on its one side and said light sensor on its other side, and is configured to permit the passage of light.

Apparatus and methods for measuring the concentrations of organic and inorganic carbon, or of other materials in aqueous samples are described, having a reactor that is resistively heated by passing an electric current through the reactor.

Disclosed herein is a sensor module that includes a substrate having a top surface and a back surface, a sensor element mounted on the top surface of the substrate, an external terminal formed on the back surface of the substrate, and a case fixed to the substrate so as to cover the sensor element. The case has a top plate part having a plurality of through holes. The top plate part has a center area having no through holes and a through hole formation area having the plurality of through holes, the through hole formation area being positioned so as to surround the center area.