Improved optical absorption spectroscopy of species having broad spectral features is provided by choosing frequencies to cover the spectral feature(s) of interest, where the frequencies are slightly adjusted as needed to avoid narrow spectral features from interfering chemical species (i.e., clutter). The resulting clutter avoidance provides improved optical spectroscopy of species having broad spectral features.

Methods, apparatuses and systems for providing gas detecting apparatuses (e.g., electrochemical detectors) are disclosed herein. An example gas detecting apparatus may comprise a sensing component comprising: a housing configured to receive a sample gaseous substance comprising a target gaseous substance and an interferent gaseous substance; a reference electrode, disposed within the housing; a counter electrode disposed within the housing; and a sensing electrode disposed within the housing that is operatively coupled to a bias voltage circuit.

The biological information measurement system of the present invention includes a test subject-side device provided in a toilet installation room, and a server communicable with the test subject-side device, the test subject-side device includes a sulfur-containing gas sensor sensitive to sulfur-containing gas and outputting detection data, a transmitter-receiver transmitting measurement data including detection data of the sulfur-containing gas detected by the sulfur-containing gas sensor to the server, and the server includes a database in which measurement data including detection data of sulfur-containing gas detected by the sulfur-containing gas sensor is accumulated and recorded with dates and times of defecation acts by being associated with test subject identification information, and server-side data analyzer that analyzes physical condition of a test subject on the basis of a time-dependent variation tendency of the measurement data accumulated and recorded in the database.

Described is a personal device and methods for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a sample of gas. The device and method may utilize a chemically selective sensor element with low power consumption integrated with circuitry that enables wireless communication between the sensor and any suitable personal electronic device such as a smartphone, tablet, or computer. In preferred form, the sensor circuitry relies upon the quantum capacitance effect of graphene as a transduction mechanism. Also in preferred form, the device and method employ the functionalization of the graphene-based sensor to determine the concentration of an analyte in exhaled breath.

The invention relates to an electrochemical gas sensing apparatus for sensing one or more analytes, such as NO.sub.2 and/or O.sub.3, in a sample gas and a method of using same. The apparatus uses Mn.sub.2O.sub.3 as a filter for ozone. The Mn.sub.2O.sub.3 may take the form of a powder which may be unmixed, mixed with various PTFE particles sizes, formed into a solid layer deposited onto a membrane and/or pretreated with NO.sub.2.

The invention relates to an RoHS-compliant galvanic oxygen sensor of a new type. Said RoHS-compliant galvanic oxygen sensor has a lead-free anode, preferably is backwards compatible with the existing lead-containing sensors in the remaining electrical and geometric specification and the service life of the RoHS-compliant galvanic oxygen sensor, and has no cross-sensitivity to nitrous oxide. The RoHS-compliant galvanic oxygen sensor having a lead-free anode comprises a housing (1), a tin-containing anode (2), a diffusion barrier (3), a cathode (4), and an alkaline electrolyte (6). An aqueous solution of metal salts is used as the electrolyte, wherein a catalyst poison preferably is added to the electrolyte.

Provided is an analysis method capable of qualitatively determining resins adhering to crushed polysilicon with high sensitivity and further capable of quantitatively determining the resins with high precision. The analysis method comprises removing organic volatile components from crushed polysilicon by heating, then raising a temperature of the crushed polysilicon in a stream of an inert gas, collecting resin decomposition products produced at the heating temperature, and analyzing decomposition products unique to the resins, to thereby identify the types of the resins adhering to the crushed polysilicon. Moreover, it is also possible to prepare a standard curve regarding each of the decomposition products unique to the resins and to determine an adhesion quantity of each of the adhering resins based on the standard curve.

An atmosphere sensor includes a detecting element configured to detect external atmospheric characteristics of the atmosphere sensor. The atmosphere sensor includes inside a case having an opening, to contain the detecting element; and a moisture permeable film located on the opening to pass external water vapor of the atmosphere sensor. The moisture permeable film is bonded to the case by a welding method.

A capacitive environmental sensor and a method for determining the presence of a target substance (e.g. water) using differential capacitive measurements. The sensor includes a semiconductor substrate having a surface. The sensor also includes a plurality of sensor electrodes located on the surface. The electrodes are laterally separated on the surface by intervening spaces. The sensor further includes a sensor layer covering the electrodes. The sensor layer has a permittivity that is sensitive to the presence of the target substance. The surface of the substrate, in a space separating at least one pair of electrodes, includes a recess. The surface of the substrate, in a space separating at least one pair of electrodes, does not include a recess. The sensor may be provided in a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag. The sensor may be provided in a smart building.

An electrochemical sensor (100) is capable of detecting a gas component in a gas (G). A process uses such a sensor (100). The gas (G) flows through an inlet (Ö) on the measuring cell side in a housing (10) to a measuring cell (2, 4, 12, 15). A chemical reaction takes place at the measuring cell (2, 4, 12, 15), which depends on the concentration of the gas component and influences a measurable electrical quantity. An electrical measuring unit (15) measures this electrical quantity. Gas can also pass through a pressure equalizing outlet (16) into the housing (10). An oxidation component (6) between the pressure equalizing outlet (16) and the measuring cell (2, 4, 12, 15) oxidizes an oxidizable gas component in this gas.