The present invention provides a sensor for detecting a bioanalyte, comprising: a substrate; a pair of terminal electrodes disposed on the substrate in mutually spaced apart and opposing relation; and a non-insulating sensing element applied to a surface of the substrate, between and in electrical contact with the pair of terminal electrodes wherein the sensing element provides a conduction path between the terminal electrodes, wherein the sensing element comprises an oxygen-deficient metal oxide layer and a bioanalyte binding site, and wherein when a voltage is applied across the sensor, an electrical signal is generated that is proportional to a change in conductance of the sensing element corresponding to binding of a bioanalyte to the bioanalyte binding site.

The present invention provides a sensor for detecting a bioanalyte, comprising: a substrate; a pair of terminal electrodes disposed on the substrate in mutually spaced apart and opposing relation; and a non-insulating sensing element applied to a surface of the substrate, between and in electrical contact with the pair of terminal electrodes wherein the sensing element provides a conduction path between the terminal electrodes, wherein the sensing element comprises an oxygen-deficient metal oxide layer and a bioanalyte binding site, and wherein when a voltage is applied across the sensor, an electrical signal is generated that is proportional to a change in conductance of the sensing element corresponding to binding of a bioanalyte to the bioanalyte binding site.

A method for detecting and quantifying of the frequency of T cells to multiple antigenic peptide epitopes comprising: measuring intracellular Ca2+ signaling in individual T cells that are labeled with Ca2+ sensitive fluorophore; wherein said T cells are placed on the glass bottom of a well-covered with antibodies or other capturing proteins specific for non-stimulatory T cells' surface receptors and wherein a peptide antigens are injected into the well and the peptide binds to MHC molecules on the T-cell surface, wherein an increase in the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ in responding T cells leads to rise in intracellular fluorescence that is detected by fluorescent microscope and wherein the response rate of said detected fluorescence can be utilized to determine the quantity of responding T cells and the efficiency of said cells.

A method for detecting and quantifying of the frequency of T cells to multiple antigenic peptide epitopes comprising: measuring intracellular Ca2+ signaling in individual T cells that are labeled with Ca2+ sensitive fluorophore; wherein said T cells are placed on the glass bottom of a well-covered with antibodies or other capturing proteins specific for non-stimulatory T cells' surface receptors and wherein a peptide antigens are injected into the well and the peptide binds to MHC molecules on the T-cell surface, wherein an increase in the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ in responding T cells leads to rise in intracellular fluorescence that is detected by fluorescent microscope and wherein the response rate of said detected fluorescence can be utilized to determine the quantity of responding T cells and the efficiency of said cells.

The present invention relates to methods for detecting a target molecule in a liquid sample. The methods described herein comprise applying at least a portion of the liquid sample on a solid substrate that comprises a non-fouling polymer layer, decreasing the atmospheric pressure surrounding the solid substrate containing the portion of the liquid sample for a time sufficient for a majority of the liquid to evaporate from the portion of the liquid sample applied to the solid substrate, contacting the liquid sample with one or more binding agents that binds to the target molecule after the majority of the liquid has evaporated from the liquid sample, and detecting the presence of the one or more binding agents on the solid substrate, wherein the presence of the one or more binding agents indicates the presence of the target molecule in the liquid sample.

The present invention relates to methods for detecting a target molecule in a liquid sample. The methods described herein comprise applying at least a portion of the liquid sample on a solid substrate that comprises a non-fouling polymer layer, decreasing the atmospheric pressure surrounding the solid substrate containing the portion of the liquid sample for a time sufficient for a majority of the liquid to evaporate from the portion of the liquid sample applied to the solid substrate, contacting the liquid sample with one or more binding agents that binds to the target molecule after the majority of the liquid has evaporated from the liquid sample, and detecting the presence of the one or more binding agents on the solid substrate, wherein the presence of the one or more binding agents indicates the presence of the target molecule in the liquid sample.

Disclosed are methods, compositions and kits for detecting Multiple Sclerosis (MS) as well as for distinguishing relapsing-remitting (RRMS) and secondary progressive (SPMS) MS subtypes with high overall accuracy. Autoantibody antigens and biomarkers, for the diagnosis of MS in general, RRMS and SPMS, as well as for the identification of a subject at risk for developing MS, and for the generation of patient-specific MS autoantibody biomarker profiles are also provided.

Disclosed are methods, compositions and kits for detecting Multiple Sclerosis (MS) as well as for distinguishing relapsing-remitting (RRMS) and secondary progressive (SPMS) MS subtypes with high overall accuracy. Autoantibody antigens and biomarkers, for the diagnosis of MS in general, RRMS and SPMS, as well as for the identification of a subject at risk for developing MS, and for the generation of patient-specific MS autoantibody biomarker profiles are also provided.

Populations of cells enriched in fetal cells from a biological sample obtained from a pregnant subject are prepared using microbubbles, resulting in a sufficient number of fetal cells having a quality suitable for sequencing and providing non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders.

Populations of cells enriched in fetal cells from a biological sample obtained from a pregnant subject are prepared using microbubbles, resulting in a sufficient number of fetal cells having a quality suitable for sequencing and providing non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders.