Monoclonal neutralizing antibodies are disclosed that specifically bind to the HIV-1 gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER). Also disclosed are compositions including the disclosed antibodies that specifically bind gp41, nucleic acids encoding these antibodies, expression vectors including the nucleic acids, and isolated host cells that express the nucleic acids. The antibodies and compositions disclosed herein can be used for detecting the presence of HIV-1 in a biological sample, or detecting an HIV-1 infection or diagnosing AIDS in a subject. In additional, the broad neutralization breadth of the disclosed antibodies makes them ideal for treating a subject with an HIV infection. Thus, disclosed are methods of treating and/or preventing HIV infection.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods that are useful for normalizing the amount of signal detected in an assay, such as an immunoassay. The compositions and methods are useful for improving the accuracy of immunoassays, such as immunoassays that detect whether a subject is infected with a retrovirus such as HIV.

The present invention discloses a method and its variations for simultaneous detection of antibodies against two or more antigens of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and determination of approximate time (duration) post HIV infection, thereby confirming the infection, and determination of recency of an HIV infection. The number of individuals with recently infected HIV in a given period may be further used to estimate incidence of HIV in a population.

The invention concerns soluble and antigenic HTLV p24 variants that can be fused to chaperones and their use in diagnostic applications such as immunoassays for detecting antibodies against HTLV-I or HTLV-II in an isolated biological sample. In particular, the invention relates to a soluble HTLV-I or HTLV-II p24 antigen comprising either the N- or the C-terminal domain of p24 and lacking the other domain. Moreover, the invention covers recombinant DNA molecules encoding these HTLV-I and -II fusion antigens as well as their recombinant production using expression vectors and host cells transformed with such expression vectors. In addition, the invention focuses on compositions of these HTLV p24 antigens with HTLV gp21 antigen and on an immunoassay method for detection of HTLV antibodies using the antigens of the invention. Also the use of HTLV p24 antigens in an in vitro diagnostic assay as well as a reagent kit for detection of anti-HTLV-antibodies comprising said HTLV antigens is encompassed.

HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers stabilized in a prefusion mature closed conformation and methods of their use and production are disclosed. In several embodiments, the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers and/or nucleic acid molecules can be used to generate an immune response to HIV-1 in a subject. In additional embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount of the HIV-1 Env ectodomain trimers can be administered to a subject in a method of treating or preventing HIV-1 infection.

Compounds (such as peptides or peptide mimetics) that bind to HIV RRE RNA are provided. In some examples, the compounds inhibit (for example, decrease) binding of Rev to the RRE RNA. In some embodiments, the compounds include two moieties, each of which bind to one of the Rev binding sites in the RRE. In some examples, the moieties include peptides or small molecules. In some examples, the peptides include an arginine-rich motif. The RRE binding compounds may be further linked to a detectable label or cargo moiety. Also provided are methods of treating or inhibiting HIV including administering one or more of the RRE binding compounds to a subject.

As a technique enabling to simply and accurately diagnose human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) related disease, there is provided a diagnostic method for an HTLV-1 related disease based on an amount of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) in a blood sample taken from a subject, wherein (1) it is determined based on an increase of the amount of TNFR2 that the subject suffers from, or is likely to develop, the HTLV-1 related disease; and/or (2) it is determined based on a decrease of the amount of TNFR2 that the subject is in remission, or is likely to be in remission, of the HTLV-1 related disease.

Compositions and methods based on the use of mutated HIV-1 gp120 polypeptides having amino acid substitutions at positions 61, 105, 108, 375, 474, 475 and 476 are described. These mutated HIV-1 gp120 polypeptides, which make the HIV env protein more amenable to adopt specific conformations when contacted with gp120 ligands, may be useful as vaccines or tools to identify and characterize agents modulating HIV infection.

This invention concerns compositions and methods of treating or diagnosing inflammatory disorders and other disorders, as well as compositions and methods of treating HIV.

This disclosure describes a subunit vaccine for a flavivirus, methods of making the vaccine, and methods of using the vaccine. The flavivirus may include, is a mosquito-borne flavivims, for example, Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), Yellow Fever (YF) virus, and West Nile Virus (WNV). The subunit vaccine may be administered with an adjuvant.