Described herein is a method for detecting the presence of circulating extracellular vesicles in a subject. The method comprises contacting a biological sample from the subject with an antibody mimetic that specifically binds to a cell surface marker on the vesicles, wherein the antibody mimetic is coupled to a detectable label; and detecting presence of extracellular vesicles in the sample by detecting the presence of the detectable label coupled to the antibody mimetic bound to the vesicles.

Sarcomas are rare malignant tumors arising from the mesenchymal tissues at all body sites. The inventors show that in a mouse model of p16/p19 deficiency prone to tumor development, the absence of the mouse pantetheinase Vnn1 enhances the frequency of aggressive fibrosarcomas. They also show that reintroduction of a catalytically active form of the Vnn1 pantetheinase limits tumor growth in vivo. Interestingly, VNN1 expression in human sarcomas is associated with reduced aggressiveness and lower risk of metastatic relapse in patients. In conclusion, Vnn1 represents a novel marker of sarcoma and may modulate tumor aggressiveness by sustaining myofibroblast cell differentiation, thereby limiting evolution towards undifferentiated tumors. The present invention relates to the use of Vnn1 as a biomarker and a therapeutic target in sarcomas.

Methods for diagnosing a subject as a candidate for removal of a solid tumor without preoperative chemoradiation therapy, and methods for treating patients having solid tumors, who have one or more of genomic instability, elevated double stranded DNA breaks, elevated gamma-H2AX foci, or elevated replication stress and/or double stranded break-signalling (DSB-signalling) biomarkers in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) are provided herein.

The present invention relates to a companion diagnosis biomarker composition and a companion diagnosis kit containing the same and, particularly, to a companion diagnosis biomarker composition for predicting a therapeutic response to at least one immune checkpoint inhibitor from among a PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor and a PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, and a companion diagnosis kit containing the same. According to the present invention, there is an effect that it is possible to predict a therapeutic response to at least one immune checkpoint inhibitor from among a PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor and a PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor not only through a companion diagnosis through cancer patient tissues, but also through proteomic analysis of cancer patient blood.

The present invention provides methods and materials for diagnosing cancer in an individual using a tissue, blood or urine sample from the patient. Specifically, the disclosed method comprises determining the level of one or more metabolite selected from the group consisting of creatine riboside, metabolite 561+, cortisol sulfate and N-acetylneuraminic acid. The present invention also provides a method for determining the prognosis of a cancer patient by determining the level of one or more metabolite selected from the group consisting of creatine riboside, metabolite 561+, cortisol sulfate and N-acetylneuraminic acid. Also provided are kits for detecting cancer or determining the prognosis of a cancer patient.

The present invention provides methods for identifying biomarker proteins that exhibit differential expression in subjects with a first lung condition versus healthy subjects or subjects with a second lung condition. The present invention also provides compositions comprising these biomarker proteins and methods of using these biomarker proteins or panels thereof to diagnose, classify, and monitor various lung conditions. The methods and compositions provided herein may be used to diagnose or classify a subject as having lung cancer or a non-cancerous condition, and to distinguish between different types of cancer (e.g., malignant versus benign, SCLC versus NSCLC).

In accordance with some embodiments herein, methods of determining signatures of HMGB1 isoforms in a subject are provided. In some embodiments, antibodies that bind specifically to HMGB1 isoforms are provided. In some embodiments, immunoassay kits are provided.

The present application discloses methods of making anti-hepsin antibodies, anti-hepsin antibodies, methods of screening the activity of anti-hepsin antibodies, pharmaceutical compositions of anti-hepsin antibodies, kits containing anti-hepsin antibodies, and methods of using anti-hepsin antibodies to diagnose a cancer.

The invention relates to cell free nucleosomes as biomarkers in plasma samples for vascular or haematological cancers.

Methods for purifying and isolating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a biofluid using a sequential processing. Tangential flow filtration is applied to the biofluid to increase the concentration of EVs in the biofluid. After this is achieved, enrichment mode is halted and the biofluid is processed in diafiltration mode to remove contaminants (up to 99.9%). After performing the tangential flow filtration step, the concentration of EVs in the biofluid is further increased by ultracentrifugal filtration. After performing the ultracentrifugal filtration step, EVs of a particular target type are separated from other EVs by immunomagnetic affinity separation. In some implementations, the methods are used to isolate and quantify tumor EVs for cancer evaluation. Additionally, these methods can be used with a scaling factor to quantify EVs from a less concentrated biofluid such as, for example, urine.