The present invention discloses an application of a β3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) as a marker for detecting a plurality of diseases, and an application of anti-human ADRB3 monoclonal antibody in diagnosing a disease and preparing a drug for treating the disease. The present invention finds through research that the ADRB3 is a key receptor in nerve-endocrine-immunoregulatory network, and an ADRB3-mediated signaling pathway regulates proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils, lymphocytes and tumor cells. Under normal circumstances, the ADRB3 maintains the non-specific immunocompetence and specific immunocompetence of an organism, and eliminates pathogenic microorganisms and aged organism tissues to play a role in protecting the organism and anti-aging. Under pathological conditions, excessive activation of the signaling pathway will cause systemic chronic inflammation, and destroy immune homeostasis. Therefore, the ADRB3 can be used as a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target for a plurality of diseases. Anti-human ADRB3 antibody can specifically bond with the ADRB3, regulate the activity of the ADRB3, has the functions of resisting cancer, inflammation, poisoning, shock, allergy, viral infection, autoimmune disease, disease caused by regenerative dysfunction, autoimmune disease, cachexia, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease and aging, regulating autophagy, treating aging disease, etc., and has important medical value and research and application prospects.

Methods are described to reduce risk of or prevent wooden chest syndrome or other respiratory effects arising from exposure to fentanyl or a fentanyl analog, for instances inpatients receiving medically assisted treatment (MAT) for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) or who are receiving analgesia and pain management with F/FAs. Pharmaceutical compositions for use in such methods are described.

Provided herein are methods, devices and compositions for assessing neuromodulation efficacy based on changes in the level of one or more biomarkers in plasma or urine collected from a human subject following a renal neuromodulation procedure.

Disclosed herein are a method and a kit using a novel marker associated with depression. The marker for depression includes one or more selected from a noradrenaline transporter and a dopamine transporter. The method for determining depression includes a step of examining an expression level of the marker for depression in a blood sample collected from a subject.

The present invention relates to compounds that are activators of the Alpha.sub.1A-Adrenergic Receptor (α.sub.1A-AR) and methods of using such compounds: for treating neurological conditions, for cardio-protection, and for treating other conditions. In certain embodiments, the α.sub.1A-AR activator compound is a compound of Formula I. In certain embodiments, the neurological condition is Alzheimer's disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, memory loss, depression, or Parkinson's disease.

The invention has for object an in vitro method for performing a differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases selected from early stage of Alzheimer's disease, advanced stage of Alzheimer's disease, mental depression, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, and/or vascular dementia; said method being performed in a subject presenting signs of dementia and comprising the steps of (a) determining at least five criteria of said subject, said at least five criteria comprising the age of said subject, a score of said subject to a questionnaire adapted for screening cognitive function, a dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline concentration in a blood sample of said subject, (b) comparing said noradrenaline concentration to a predetermined threshold, (c) calculating one global note in relation with each neurodegenerative disease and (d) determining whether said subject suffers from one or more neurodegenerative diseases.

Provided herein are methods, devices and compositions for assessing neuromodulation efficacy based on changes in the level of one or more biomarkers in plasma or urine collected from a human subject following a renal neuromodulation procedure.

Provided herein are biosensors and methods for detecting one or more odorants associated with the levels, or a change in the levels, of one or more neurotransmitters in the central nervous system of a subject. In embodiments, provided are biosensors that comprise one or more populations of olfactory neurons, or cilia derived therefrom, wherein each population preferentially expresses a specific odorant receptor (OR). Also provided are biosensors comprising a cell or a population of cells engineered to express certain ORs; biosensors comprising certain isolated ORs; transgenic animals and tissues derived therefrom that preferentially express certain ORs; isolated cells or populations of cells engineered to express certain ORs; expression constructs for the preferential expression of certain ORs; and methods of using the biosensors, transgenic animals, tissues, cells, population of cells, and expression constructs disclosed herein.

Disclosed herein are methods for providing a molecular efficacy of a ligand, especially when utilizing single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (“smFRET”) imaging, as well as compounds useful in such methods.

Provided herein are methods, devices and compositions for assessing neuromodulation efficacy based on changes in the level of one or more biomarkers in plasma or urine collected from a human subject following a renal neuromodulation procedure.