Systems and methods for interrogating sensing systems utilising bursts of samples. Bursts of samples correspond to optical pulses returning from optical sensors, where pulses are spaced at a period significantly longer than the pulse width, giving irregular sample spacing. The interrogation system and method processes the irregular busts of samples to recover phase information from received signals.

Systems and methods for interrogating sensing systems utilising bursts of samples. Bursts of samples correspond to optical pulses returning from optical sensors, where pulses are spaced at a period significantly longer than the pulse width, giving irregular sample spacing. The interrogation system and method processes the irregular busts of samples to recover phase information from received signals.

Disclosed are an apparatus for monitoring pulsed high-frequency power and a substrate processing apparatus including the same. The apparatus includes an attenuation module configured to attenuate a pulsed high-frequency power signal; a rectifier module configured to convert the pulsed high-frequency power signal into a direct current signal; and a detection module configured to detect a pulse parameter based on the direct current signal.

Disclosed are an apparatus for monitoring pulsed high-frequency power and a substrate processing apparatus including the same. The apparatus includes an attenuation module configured to attenuate a pulsed high-frequency power signal; a rectifier module configured to convert the pulsed high-frequency power signal into a direct current signal; and a detection module configured to detect a pulse parameter based on the direct current signal.

The present invention provides a method for analyzing flow regime alterations from reservoir inflow to reservoir outflow, including: acquiring a reservoir inflow data series and a reservoir outflow data series, and determining a local water year of reservoir inflow and reservoir outflow; calculating low and high pulses thresholds of indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA) for reservoir inflow, and environmental flow thresholds of environmental flow component (EFC) for the reservoir inflow; applying thresholds required for low pulse and high pulse of IHA and the environmental flow thresholds of EFC to reservoir outflow, and respectively calculating IHA parameters and EFC parameters of the inflow and the outflow; and using the range of variability approach (RVA) based on IHA and EFC to analyze the flow regime alterations from the reservoir inflow to the reservoir outflow according to the IHA parameters and the EFC parameters of the reservoir inflow and the reservoir outflow.

The present invention provides a method for analyzing flow regime alterations from reservoir inflow to reservoir outflow, including: acquiring a reservoir inflow data series and a reservoir outflow data series, and determining a local water year of reservoir inflow and reservoir outflow; calculating low and high pulses thresholds of indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA) for reservoir inflow, and environmental flow thresholds of environmental flow component (EFC) for the reservoir inflow; applying thresholds required for low pulse and high pulse of IHA and the environmental flow thresholds of EFC to reservoir outflow, and respectively calculating IHA parameters and EFC parameters of the inflow and the outflow; and using the range of variability approach (RVA) based on IHA and EFC to analyze the flow regime alterations from the reservoir inflow to the reservoir outflow according to the IHA parameters and the EFC parameters of the reservoir inflow and the reservoir outflow.

A frequency counter circuit includes a first counter path to receive a digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO) clock signal and is configured to generate a first count corresponding to a first frequency of a first reduced clock signal corresponding to the DCO clock signal. A second counting path receives the DCO clock signal and generates a second count corresponding to a second frequency of a second reduced clock signal corresponding to the DCO clock signal. The first reduced clock signal is an integer multiple frequency of the second reduced clock signal. Detection circuitry detects a timing violation associated with the DCO clock signal based on a comparison between at least a portion of the first count and at least a portion of the second count.

A frequency counter circuit includes a first counter path to receive a digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO) clock signal and is configured to generate a first count corresponding to a first frequency of a first reduced clock signal corresponding to the DCO clock signal. A second counting path receives the DCO clock signal and generates a second count corresponding to a second frequency of a second reduced clock signal corresponding to the DCO clock signal. The first reduced clock signal is an integer multiple frequency of the second reduced clock signal. Detection circuitry detects a timing violation associated with the DCO clock signal based on a comparison between at least a portion of the first count and at least a portion of the second count.

An oscillation detector includes an amplitude variation detection circuit configured to generate a first pulse signal by comparing levels of voltages with each other, a frequency variation detection circuit configured to generate a second pulse signal by filtering the first pulse signal and allowing to pass a frequency component that is less than or equal to a certain frequency among frequency components of the first pulse signal, and a time variation detection circuit configured to output an oscillation detection signal when the second pulse signal has consecutive pulses for a period of time.

An oscillation detector includes an amplitude variation detection circuit configured to generate a first pulse signal by comparing levels of voltages with each other, a frequency variation detection circuit configured to generate a second pulse signal by filtering the first pulse signal and allowing to pass a frequency component that is less than or equal to a certain frequency among frequency components of the first pulse signal, and a time variation detection circuit configured to output an oscillation detection signal when the second pulse signal has consecutive pulses for a period of time.