A sensor, comprising: a magnetic field sensing module that is configured to generate a plurality of signals, each signal indicating a magnetic flux density of a different component of a magnetic field that is produced by a magnetic field source; a processing circuitry that is configured to: receive the plurality of signals from the magnetic field sensing module; evaluate a neural network based on the plurality of signals to obtain a plurality of probabilities, each of the plurality of probabilities indicating a likelihood of the magnetic field source being positioned in a different one of a plurality of positional domains; generate an output signal based on the plurality of probabilities, the output signal encoding an identifier of a current positional domain of the magnetic field source.

The iron loss of an iron core excited by an inverter power supply is reduced. A modulation operation-setting device 1430 for the inverter power supply controls a maximum value Hmax and a minimum value Hmin of a field intensity H in at least one minor loop such that the loss (iron loss, copper loss, and switching loss) of the entire system is less than the loss of the entire system when an electric device is operated with a target waveform (excluding harmonics).

A magnetic sensor system includes a magnetic field generator and a magnetic sensor. The magnetic sensor includes a plurality of MR elements. The plurality of MR elements are each configured so that a bias magnetic field in a second direction orthogonal to a first direction is applied to a free layer, and to change in resistance with a strength of a magnetic field component. A maximum strength of the magnetic field component applied to each of the MR elements is greater than or equal to 1.2 times the strength of a bias magnetic field.

A vector-magnetic-property-controlling material according to the present embodiment is subjected to a scratching process in two directions that intersect on the surface of a steel material. An iron core according to the present embodiment is configured from an oriented magnetic steel material which has been subjected to a scratching process in two directions that intersect on the surface thereof.

A method is provided for measuring a thickness of a layer of rubber-like material. The layer of rubber-like material includes a free face in contact with air and a face joined to an adjacent reinforcement made of elements electrically insulated from one another. Each of the elements includes at least one hysteretic material having a magnetic permeability greater than the magnetic permeability of air. According to the method, a sensitive element, which emits an alternating magnetic field, is brought towards the layer of rubber-like material whose thickness is to be measured, hysteretic losses in the adjacent reinforcement are measured at terminals of the sensitive element, and a thickness of the layer of rubber-like material is evaluated based on the hysteretic losses.

A test and measurement instrument for determining magnetic core losses of a device under test during in circuit operation. The test and measurement instrument receives a primary current signal from a primary winding of a device under test and receives a primary voltage signal measured across a magnetic core of the device under test. Based on the primary electric current signal and the primary voltage signal, the test and measurement instrument determines a magnetic loss of the device under test. In some examples, the test and measurement instrument can use primary and secondary voltage and current inputs to determine the magnetic loss of the device under test. The magnetic loss of the device under test can be displayed on a display of the test and measurement instrument. The magnetic loss can include a total magnetic loss, a hysteresis loss, a copper loss, and/or other losses.

A tension measuring method installs a reel having a cylindrical coil forming part on a cable to be measured, forms a coil by winding a conductor around the coil forming part, measures a magnetic hysteresis loop of the cable by supplying a current to the coil to generate a magnetic field, and computes a tension of the cable using a parameter determined from the hysteresis loop. A magnetic field sensor and a magnetic flux sensor are provided inside a through hole in the coil forming part, and the cable is positioned inside the through hole. The magnetic field is varied so that the hysteresis loop includes a near-saturation magnetization region, to measure the hysteresis loop using the sensors. The parameter is selected from a magnetic flux or a magnetic flux density, a remanent magnetization, a coercivity, a magnetic permeability, and a hysteresis loss in the near-saturation magnetization region.

The invention provides method for making high coercivity magnetic materials based on FeNi alloys having a L1.sub.0 phase structure, tetratenite, and provides a system for accelerating production of these materials. The FeNi alloy is made by preparing a melt comprising Fe, Ni, and optionally one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Al, B, C, Mo, Ir, and Nb; cooling the melt and applying extensional stress and a magnetic field. This is followed by heating and cooling to form the L10 structure.

A magnetic characteristic measuring apparatus measures a magnetic characteristic of a sample having a core wound by a primary coil and a secondary coil with high accuracy at high frequency. The apparatus includes: an air-core coil wound by a primary coil and a secondary coil; and a capacitor. The primary coil of the sample, the primary coil of the air-core coil and the capacitor are serially connected, and the capacitance C.sub.L of the capacitor is selected as ⅓ω.sup.2L.sub.a≤C.sub.L≤1/ω.sup.2L.sub.a, wherein L.sub.a is an inductance of the air-core coil at a frequency ω/2π.

Various examples of a high frequency, inductor and transformer core loss characterization and measurement method and system for arbitrary waveforms are disclosed herein. A system and method for determining core loss of a magnetic core can include generating a waveform to excite a first test circuit which comprises an excitation circuit, a circuit under test (CUT) comprising the magnetic core, and an inductance circuit having an inductor connected in parallel to the CUT. The method includes measuring a first current, when the first test circuit is excited. The method includes disconnecting the CUT from the first test circuit to form a second test circuit. The method includes generating the waveform to excite the second test circuit, and measuring a second current, when the second test circuit is excited. The power loss for the magnetic core is calculated based on an input voltage and the first and second measured current.