An horological movement includes an analogue time display, a geartrain, a barrel and an electromechanical oscillator, which is formed of a resonator, including a balance and a piezoelectric balance-spring, and a mechanical escapement, and further includes an electronic control circuit connected to an electrical energy source and arranged to be able to control the application of an electrical voltage on at least one electrode of the piezoelectric balance-spring so as to generate driving electrical pulses for the oscillator. The horological movement is configured such that the barrel is capable, in a first main state, of maintaining alone a functional oscillation of the oscillator with a first amplitude, while in a second main state, the electronic control circuit powers the piezoelectric balance-spring to maintain, partially or fully, the oscillation of the resonator with a second amplitude greater than the first amplitude for any spatial orientation, the second amplitude being preferably constant.

A horological movement includes an analogue time display, a gear train, a barrel driving the analogue display via the gear train, and an oscillator formed of a resonator, including a balance and a piezoelectric spring, and a mechanical escapement coupling the balance to the gear train. This horological movement further includes an electric energy source which is associated with the electronic control circuit, which is arranged to be able to control the application of an electrical supply voltage to the piezoelectric spring so as to excite the oscillator to obtain a functional oscillation of the resonator and then to maintain this functional oscillation. The mechanical escapement is configured so as to be an escapement for counting the alternations of the functional oscillation, so as to pace the running of the horological movement, without the resonator being able to receive from the barrel via this mechanical escapement enough mechanical energy to maintain the functional oscillation.

A doubts rotated quart/crystal resonator comprises a cantilever-mounted doubts rotated resonating element having a line of geometrical symmetry running from a supported end to a free end which is not perpendicular to the resonating element's crystallographic/axis. A method of manufacturing the crystal resonator comprises cutting a doubly rotated quartz crystal plate with x.sup.I and z.sup.I axes defining the plate's plane into one or more resonating elements at a non-zero degrees in-plane rotation angle in relation to the plate's x.sup.I axis. The resonator has reduced sensitivity to mechanical acceleration.

An embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a device comprising an electronic circuit; an oscillation circuit comprising a quartz crystal, configured to provide a clock signal to the electronic circuit; and a heater configured to increase the temperature of the quartz crystal.

An embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a device comprising an electronic circuit; an oscillation circuit comprising a quartz crystal, configured to provide a clock signal to the electronic circuit; and a heater configured to increase the temperature of the quartz crystal.

A clock oscillator, a clock oscillator production method and use method, and a chip including the clock oscillator are provided. The clock oscillator includes a resonator, a shock-absorbing material layer, and a base, and at least a part of the shock-absorbing material layer is located between the resonator and the base. In the clock oscillator, the shock-absorbing material layer is added between the resonator and the base, and the shock-absorbing material layer can effectively prevent a mechanical wave from being conducted between the base and the resonator, so that the resonator is protected from external vibration. This can ensure, when there is external vibration, that an output frequency of the resonator is not deteriorated and improve shock absorption performance of the clock oscillator.

A piezoelectric resonator, in particular for a rotary piezoelectric motor, the resonator including a stationary base and an oscillating mass extending about a longitudinal axis, the oscillating mass being provided with at least one inertia-block, preferably two opposing inertia-blocks, wherein the resonator includes a flexible blade guide connecting the oscillating mass to the base, so that the oscillating mass can be oscillated about a centre of rotation in a pendulum movement, the flexible guide including at least one first flexible blade connected to the base and/or to the oscillating mass to allow the displacement of the oscillating mass relative to the base, the flexible blade guide including a spiral spring connected to the base and/or to the oscillating mass, the spiral spring including at least partially an electrically actuatable piezoelectric material to deform the spiral spring and oscillate the oscillating mass.

The invention concerns a method for surface treatment of a ceramic material in powder form, wherein said method comprising the step of providing a powder formed of a plurality of particles of the ceramic material to be treated, and wherein said ceramic powder particles are subjected to an ion implantation process by directing towards an external surface of said particles a beam of singly or multiply charged ions produced by a charge of singly or multiply charged ions, for example of the electron cyclotron resonance ECR type, wherein said particles have a generally polyhedral shape.

The invention also concerns a material in powder form, formed of a plurality of particles having a ceramic external layer and a ceramic core, wherein said particles have a generally polyhedral shape.

The invention relates to a watch, in particular a wristwatch, comprising an electro-optical converter, an opto-electrical converter, a light wave guide, a useful signal generating device and a watch display device. The electro-optical converter is formed to generate and feed a clocked light signal into the light wave guide. A reflector is arranged at a reflector end of the light wave guide, through which the clocked light signal is reflectable back into the light wave guide. A decoupling device is arranged at a feeding end of the light wave guide and is formed to decouple the reflected clocked light signal into the opto-electrical converter. The opto-electrical converter is formed to generate an electrical signal based on the reflected clocked light signal. The watch comprises an electrical signal path between the opto-electrical converter and the electro-optical converter, wherein the electro-optical converter is controllable for generating the clocked light signal based on the electrical signal of the opto-electrical converter. The useful signal generating device is formed to generate a useful signal based on a frequency of the electrical signal, wherein the watch display device is formed to display the time based on the useful signal.

A method for manufacturing a resonator in a substrate, including: a) modifying a structure of at least one region of the substrate to make the at least one region more selective; b) etching the at least one region to selectively manufacture the resonator.