An online voltage control method for coordinating multi-type reactive power resources is provided. First, a linearized power flow equation of branch reactive power is established, and an online voltage control model of multi-type reactive power resources including an objective function and constraint conditions is constructed. The constrain conditions includes generator reactive power constraints, reactive power compensator constraints, transformer tap position constraints, a nodal reactive power balance constraint, and slack contained nodal voltage constraints. Then, an optimization result of voltage control is obtained by solving the model. The method makes full use of reactive voltage operation characteristics of a power grid, constructs a practical online solution model for reactive voltage control of large power grid of coordinating multiple reactive power resources, and under a condition of acceptable accuracy loss, takes in account safety of power grid operation, economy of reactive power resource actions and high reliability of online operation.

Disclosed is a field device electronics for a field device of automation engineering, comprising: first and second terminals for connecting the field device electronics to a cable for an electrical input current to the field device electronics; a series regulator to set the input current; a shunt regulator following the series regulator; a first capacitance connected in parallel with the shunt regulator for energy storage; a supply circuit connected in parallel with the shunt regulator and the first capacitance for providing an operating voltage; and connected after the supply circuit and supplied by the operating voltage, a control unit adapted to register a buffer voltage lying across the first capacitance, based on the registered buffer voltage, to make a decision concerning at least one part of the field device electronics.

A charging method is provided for an electronic device. The charging method includes monitoring a current capacity of a battery coupled to a first electronic device to obtain a current level of remaining power in the battery and receiving a control command. The control command is used to instruct the first electronic device to enable a charging module and then to use the charging module to charge a second electronic device based on the current level of the remaining power in the battery. The charging method also includes receiving an operation command. In response to the operation command, the charging method further includes determining a first capacity of the battery based on the current level of the remaining power in the battery, and then controlling the charging module to provide electric power for the second electronic device based on the first capacity of the battery.

Systems and methods for allocating electrical energy within a storage cell. Energy stored in an energy storage cell is allocated to multiple energy sub-partitions. Each energy sub-partition is associated with a user. A request to buy an amount of energy from an energy sub-partition assigned to another user is sent by a present user to at least one respective user in the plurality of users. Based on sending the request to sell an amount of energy, at least one response with an offer to sell energy to the present user is received. Acceptance of a selected offer within the at least one response is received, where the selected offer was sent by a winning user. The amount of energy is re-allocated from an energy sub-portion allocated to the winning user to an energy sub-portion associated with the present user based on receiving the acceptance.

Systems and methods for allocating electrical energy within a storage cell. Energy stored in an energy storage cell is allocated to multiple energy sub-partitions. Each energy sub-partition is associated with a user. A request to buy an amount of energy from an energy sub-partition assigned to another user is sent by a present user to at least one respective user in the plurality of users. Based on sending the request to sell an amount of energy, at least one response with an offer to sell energy to the present user is received. Acceptance of a selected offer within the at least one response is received, where the selected offer was sent by a winning user. The amount of energy is re-allocated from an energy sub-portion allocated to the winning user to an energy sub-portion associated with the present user based on receiving the acceptance.

A power supply unit, an electrically operated system and a method for operating an electrical system, wherein the power supply unit connects through a basic supply voltage or a buffer voltage, which is provided by an energy store unit, where to perform a controlled switch-on process of the electrical loads, a switch-on delay time is specified, after the expiration of which the basic supply voltage or the buffer voltage is connected through at the output of the power supply unit, and where to perform a controlled switch-on process of the electrical loads, a voltage is output only when a charge level of the energy store unit is greater than or equal to a threshold value of the energy store charge level such that switch-on management for power supplies that ensures absolutely safe interruption-free and thus trouble-free start-up of a plurality of electrical loads is achieved.

Systems and methods for allocating electrical energy within a storage cell. Energy stored in an energy storage cell is allocated to multiple energy sub-partitions. Each energy sub-partition is associated with a user. A request to buy an amount of energy from an energy sub-partition assigned to another user is sent by a present user to at least one respective user in the plurality of users. Based on sending the request to sell an amount of energy, at least one response with an offer to sell energy to the present user is received. Acceptance of a selected offer within the at least one response is received, where the selected offer was sent by a winning user. The amount of energy is re-allocated from an energy sub-portion allocated to the winning user to an energy sub-portion associated with the present user based on receiving the acceptance.

Load control interlocks are disclosed and described. The interlocks provide for coupling a power circuit to one or more load circuits once the one or more load circuits and the power circuit are both coupled to the interlock, and disconnects the power circuit from the one or more load circuits if the one or more load circuits or the power circuit are uncoupled form the interlock or an electrical connection between the power circuit and the one or more load circuits is broken.

A dynamic charging demand side response method and a dynamic charging demand side management method based on a consumer order, and a demand side management control system for performing the methods. In favor of a consumer, a controllable reduction capacity may be increased by securing a number of flexible blocking measures suitable for characteristics of target load, thereby performing efficient demand management.

Disclosed is a field device electronics for a field device of automation engineering, comprising: first and second terminals for connecting the field device electronics to a cable for an electrical input current to the field device electronics; a series regulator to set the input current; a shunt regulator following the series regulator; a first capacitance connected in parallel with the shunt regulator for energy storage; a supply circuit connected in parallel with the shunt regulator and the first capacitance for providing an operating voltage; and connected after the supply circuit and supplied by the operating voltage, a control unit adapted to register a buffer voltage lying across the first capacitance, based on the registered buffer voltage, to make a decision concerning at least one part of the field device electronics.