Systems and methods are provided herein for encoding and storing information in nucleic acids. Encoded information is partitioned and stored in nucleic acids having native key-value pairs that allow for storage of metadata or other data objects. Computation on the encoded information is performed by chemical implementation of if-then-else operations. Numerical data is stored in nucleic acids by producing samples having nucleic acid sequences copy counts corresponding to the numerical data. Data objects of a dataset are encoded by partitioning of bytes into parts and encoding of parts along distinct libraries of nucleic acids. These libraries can be used as inputs for computation on the dataset.

Nucleic acid memory strands encoding digital data using a sequence of homopolymer tracts of repeated nucleotides provides a cheaper and faster alternative to conventional digital DNA storage techniques. The use of homopolymer tracts allows for lower fidelity, high throughput sequencing techniques such as nanopore sequencing to read data encoded in the memory strands. Specialized synthesis techniques allow for synthesis of long memory strands capable of encoding large volumes of data despite the reduced data density afforded by homopolymer tracts as compared to conventional single nucleotide sequences.

The application provides a content addressable memory (CAM) cell, a CAM memory device and an operation method thereof, and a method for searching and comparing data. The CAM cell includes a first flash memory cell having a first terminal for receiving a first search voltage; and a second flash memory cell having a first terminal for receiving a second search voltage, a second terminal of the first flash memory cell electrically connected to a second terminal of the second flash memory cell, wherein the first flash memory cell and the second flash memory cell are serially connected; and a storage data of the CAM cell is based on a combination of a plurality of threshold voltages of the first flash memory cell and the second flash memory cell.

A neuro-bionic device based on a two-dimensional Ti.sub.3C.sub.2 material is provided. The device includes a Pt/Ti/SiO.sub.2/Si substrate, a neuro-bionic layer formed on a Pt film layer of the Pt/Ti/SiO.sub.2/Si substrate, and an Al electrode layer formed on the neuro-bionic layer. The neuro-bionic layer is made of a two-dimensional Ti.sub.3C.sub.2 material. The neuro-bionic device of the present invention is prepared by an evaporating coating method and a drop-coating method. The preparation process is relatively simple. The prepared device can successfully simulate the characteristics of synapse. More importantly, the resistance of the device can be modulated continuously under a scanning of a pulse sequence with pulse width and interval of 10 ns, which is beneficial to the application of the device in the ultrafast synapse simulation.

A system and method of storing and reading digital data, including providing a nanopore polymer memory (NPM) device having at least one memory cell comprising at least two addition chambers each arranged to add a unique chemical construct (or codes) to a polymer (or DNA) string when the polymer enters the respective addition chamber, the data comprising a series of codes; successively steering the polymer from deblock chambers through the nanopore into the addition chambers to add codes to the polymer to create the digital data pattern on the polymer; and accurately controlling the bit rate of the polymer using a servo controller. The device may have loading chamber(s) to load (or remove) the polymer into/from the deblock chambers through at least one “micro-hole”. The cell may be part of a memory system that stores and retrieves “raw” data and allows for remote retrieval and conversion. The cell may store multi-bit data having a plurality of states for the codes.

A memristive device includes a biomaterial comprising protein nanowires and at least two electrodes in operative arrangement with the biomaterial such that an applied voltage induces conductance switching. An artificial neuron or an artificial synapse includes a memrisitive device with the electrodes configured to apply a pulsed voltage configured to mimic an action-potential input.

A computer-implemented method for storing information into a polynucleotide is provided including using multiple types of nucleotide fragments, wherein each of the nucleotide fragments has an individually different sequence of bases, configuring multiple composite fragments, wherein each of the composite fragments has a set of the nucleotide fragments with different ratios of the nucleotide fragments, and encoding, via an encoder, the information into the composite fragments.

An apparatus includes a flow cell body, a plurality of electrodes, an imaging assembly, and one or more barrier features. The flow cell body defines one or more flow channels and a plurality of wells defined as recesses in the floor of each flow channel. Each well is fluidically coupled with the corresponding flow channel. The flow cell body further defines interstitial surfaces between adjacent wells. Each well defines a corresponding depth. Each electrode is positioned in a corresponding well of the plurality of wells. The electrodes are to effect writing of polynucleotides in the wells. The imaging assembly is to capture images of polynucleotides written in the wells. The one or more barrier features are positioned in the wells, between the wells, or above the wells. The one or more barrier features contain reactions in each well, reduce diffusion between the wells, or reduce optical cross-talk between the wells.

This disclosure describes particles and techniques for storing oligonucleotides that provide stable, long-term protection yet are also compostable. A core is coated with a layer of oligonucleotides and encapsulated under an outer layer of non-porous, hydrolyzed organosilicon disulfide. The hydrolyzed organosilicon disulfide protects the oligonucleotides from oxidative and thermal damage under typical storage conditions. One suitable organosilicon disulfide is bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide (BTSPD). The oligonucleotides may be retrieved by contacting the particles with a reducing agent that degrades the disulfide bonds in the outer layer. The disulfide bonds enable removal of the protective encapsulation without the use of dangerous chemicals such as hydrogen fluoride. Instead of retrieving the oligonucleotides, the particles may be disposed of in a composting environment. In an implementation, the oligonucleotides are artificially synthesized and encode digital information.

A system for DNA gene assembly that utilizes a DNA symbol library and a DNA linker library. The symbol library has a number of DNA symbols each having a first overhanging end and a second overhanging end different than and non-complimentary to the first end, the first and second ends being the same nucleotides for each DNA symbol. The linker library has pairs of DNA linkers, a first linker of a pair having a first end and a second end and a second linker of the pair having a first end and a second end, the first end of the first linker being the same nucleotides for each first linker and the second end of the second linker being the same nucleotides for each second linker, wherein the second end of the first linker and the first end of the second linker have complementary nucleotides. The first linker joins to the first end of a DNA symbol and the second linker joins to the second end of another DNA symbol.