A copper-coated steel wire includes a core wire made of a steel, and a coating layer made of copper or a copper alloy and covering an outer peripheral surface of the core wire. In a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the core wire, the core wire includes a plurality of oxide regions composed of an oxide of an element contained in the steel constituting the core wire, the oxide regions including the outer peripheral surface of the core wire and being disposed apart from each other in a circumferential direction of the core wire.

A single coated conductor for an overhead power transmission or distribution line is provided comprising one or more electrical conductors (400) and a first coating (401) provided on at least a portion of the one or more electrical conductors (400). The first coating (401) comprises: (i) an inorganic binder comprising an alkali metal silicate; (ii) a polymerisation agent comprising nanosilica (“nS”) or colloidal silica (SiO.sub.2); and (iii) a photocatalytic agent, wherein the photocatalytic agent comprises ≥70 wt % anatase titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) having an average particle size (“aps”) ≤100 nm. The first coating (401) has an average thermal emissivity coefficient E≥0.90 across the infrared spectrum 2.5-30.0 μm and has an average solar reflectivity coefficient R≥0.90 and/or an average solar absorptivity coefficient A≤0.10 across the solar spectrum 0.3-2.5 μm.

A foamable composition includes a base polymer, talc blended with the base polymer, and a citrate compound blended with the base polymer. The foamable composition is usable as an insulator, a separator and a jacket for cables, such as communications cable. The foamable composition can include conductive inclusions in the foamable composition.

A flame resistant electrical insulating material comprises glass fibers, a particulate filler mixture, and an inorganic binder, wherein the electrical insulating material has a UL-94 flammability rating of V-0, 5VA and a thermal conductivity of less than 0.15 W/m-K. The particulate filler mixture comprises at least two particulate filler materials selected from the list of glass bubbles, kaolin clay, talc, mica, calcium carbonate, and alumina trihydrate. In an exemplary aspect, the insulating material is not punctured after direct exposure to 2054° C. (3730° F.) flame for at least 10 minutes.

A single coated conductor for an overhead power transmission or distribution line is provided comprising one or more electrical conductors (400) and a first coating (401) provided on at least a portion of the one or more electrical conductors (400). The first coating (401) comprises: (i) an inorganic binder comprising an alkali metal silicate; (ii) a polymerisation agent comprising nanosilica (“nS”) or colloidal silica (SiO.sub.2); and (iii) a photocatalytic agent, wherein the photocatalytic agent comprises ≥70 wt % anatase titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) having an average particle size (“aps”)≤100 nm. The first coating (401) has an average thermal emissivity coefficient E≥0.90 across the infrared spectrum 2.5-30.0 μm and has an average solar reflectivity coefficient R≥0.90 and/or an average solar absorptivity coefficient A≤0.10 across the solar spectrum 0.3-2.5 μm.

In a crystal growth apparatus and method, polycrystalline source material and a seed crystal are introduced into a growth ambient comprised of a growth crucible disposed inside of a furnace chamber. In the presence of a first sublimation growth pressure, a single crystal is sublimation grown on the seed crystal via precipitation of sublimated source material on the seed crystal in the presence of a flow of a first gas that includes a reactive component that reacts with and removes donor and/or acceptor background impurities from the growth ambient during said sublimation growth. Then, in the presence of a second sublimation growth pressure, the single crystal is sublimation grown on the seed crystal via precipitation of sublimated source material on the seed crystal in the presence of a flow of a second gas that includes dopant vapors, but which does not include the reactive component.

Magnet wire with corona resistant enamel insulation is described. A magnet wire may include a conductor, and at least one layer of polymeric enamel insulation may be formed around the conductor. The polymeric enamel insulation may include a filler dispersed in a base polymeric material, such as polyimide. Additionally, the filler may include an organometallic compound.

Magnet wire with corona resistant enamel insulation is described. A magnet wire may include a conductor, and at least one layer of polymeric enamel insulation may be formed around the conductor. The polymeric enamel insulation may include a filler dispersed in a base polymeric material, such as polyimide. Additionally, the filler may include an organometallic compound.

Provided is a coated optical element that includes: an optical element; and a coating disposed on the optical element. The coating includes at least one layer of a topological insulator.

Provided are a nitride insulator material having low lattice thermal conductivity, a method for producing the same, a heat flow switching element, and a thermoelectric conversion element. The nitride insulator material of the present invention consists of a metal nitride represented by the general formula: M-SiNTe (where M represents at least one of Ta and Hf, and Te is an arbitrary element) and has a nanocrystalline structure. In addition, the heat flow switching element of the present invention includes: an N-type semiconductor layer 3; an insulator layer 4 laminated on the N-type semiconductor layer; and a P-type semiconductor layer 5 laminated on the insulator layer, wherein the insulator layer is made of the above-described nitride insulator material.