An operating mechanism for tripping a circuit-breaker, the operating mechanism comprising a coil having a first terminal and a second terminal, means for generating a first electric impulse, and means for creating, from the first electric impulse, a second electric impulse delayed from the first electric impulse and applied between the first terminal and the second terminal of the coil, characterized in that the means for creating the second electric impulse comprise a delaying circuit and a switch connected in series with the coil, the delaying circuit having an input connected to an output of the means for generating a first electric impulse and an output which delivers the second electric impulse, said second electric impulse being a command signal of the switch.

Disclosed is a method of resistance welding between composite articles. A conductive element is provided between faying surfaces, having a plurality of lower resistivity electrode portions spaced apart along the length of the contact area between the composite articles. The electrode portions can be used to spot weld across the electrode portions, and along a longitudinal portion of the conductive element between the electrode portions by application of an electrical current. Also disclosed are apparatus for use in the resistance welding methods and composite articles and structures and elements incorporating the conductive element.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a switchgear that reduces a cost of periodic replacement of a drive unit and ensures reliability. A switchgear of the present disclosure includes a fixed electrode, a movable electrode provided to face the fixed electrode, the movable electrode being contactable with and separable from the fixed electrode, a piston provided opposite to the fixed electrode to drive the movable electrode via a movable shaft connected to the movable electrode, a container to accommodate the piston, and an arc generation mechanism bridging including metal and provided in the container at a position opposite to the fixed electrode, the arc generation mechanism bridging a terminal unit connected to an external circuit, the arc generation mechanism bridging opening a circuit with the terminal unit when energized to generate an arc at an opened portion.

A food or beverage preparation machine, comprising a control panel (5), the control panel (5) comprising an actuator (5x) for setting at least one food or beverage preparation parameter of the food or beverage preparation machine (1) to a predetermined value and a controlling unit, comprises a pressure sensor (6x) electronically connected to said controlling unit for controlling the functioning of the food or beverage preparation machine, and associated with said actuator, said actuator (5x) being pressure-sensitive and comprising a first end (50) with a first deformable surface (51) which is configured to receive a press action (F) from a user, a second end (52) with a second deformable surface (53) which is in physical contact with said pressure sensor (6x), and an elongate portion (54) connecting said first end (50) and said second end (52), said elongate portion (54) being configured to transfer to said second end (52) a pressure that has been generated at said first end (50), such that when a press action (F) is applied to said first deformable surface (51), said pressure is transferred to said second deformable surface (53) by said elongate portion and is applied to said pressure sensor (6x) so as to set said at least one food or beverage preparation parameter.

An interface system for a food or beverage preparation machine, comprising a control panel (5), the control panel (5) comprising an actuator (5x) for setting at least one food or beverage preparation parameter of the food or beverage preparation machine (1) to a predetermined value and a controlling unit, comprises a pressure sensor (6x) electronically connected to said controlling unit for controlling the functioning of the food or beverage preparation machine, and associated with said actuator, said actuator (5x) being pressure-sensitive and comprising a first end (50) with a first deformable surface (51) which is configured to receive a press action (F) from a user, a second end (52) with a second deformable surface (53) which is in physical contact with said pressure sensor (6x), and an elongate portion (54) connecting said first end (50) and said second end (52), said elongate portion (54) being configured to transfer to said second end (52) a pressure that has been generated at said first end (50), such that when a press action (F) is applied to said first deformable surface (51), said pressure is transferred to said second deformable surface (53) by said elongate portion and is applied to said pressure sensor (6x) so as to set said at least one food or beverage preparation parameter.

An interface system for a food or beverage preparation machine, comprising a control panel (5), the control panel (5) comprising an actuator (5x) for setting at least one food or beverage preparation parameter of the food or beverage preparation machine (1) to a predetermined value and a controlling unit, comprises a pressure sensor (6x) electronically connected to said controlling unit for controlling the functioning of the food or beverage preparation machine, and associated with said actuator, said actuator (5x) being pressure-sensitive and comprising a first end (50) with a first deformable surface (51) which is configured to receive a press action (F) from a user, a second end (52) with a second deformable surface (53) which is in physical contact with said pressure sensor (6x), and an elongate portion (54) connecting said first end (50) and said second end (52), said elongate portion (54) being configured to transfer to said second end (52) a pressure that has been generated at said first end (50), such that when a press action (F) is applied to said first deformable surface (51), said pressure is transferred to said second deformable surface (53) by said elongate portion and is applied to said pressure sensor (6x) so as to set said at least one food or beverage preparation parameter.

Disclosed is a method of resistance welding between composite articles. A conductive element is provided between faying surfaces, having a plurality of lower resistivity electrode portions spaced apart along the length of the contact area between the composite articles. The electrode portions can be used to spot weld across the electrode portions, and along a longitudinal portion of the conductive element between the electrode portions by application of an electrical current. Also disclosed are apparatus for use in the resistance welding methods and composite articles and structures and elements incorporating the conductive element.

An exemplary working cylinder for a drive of an electric circuit breaker includes a base that includes a cylinder head and a cylinder body that are connected to one another. Additional components are fastened to the cylinder head as a core piece of the drive, and a thrust ring is guided on an outer surface of the cylinder body. The thrust ring compresses mechanical springs in the mechanical resilient energy storage device by way of a storage piston in a storage module.

An exemplary working cylinder for a drive of an electric circuit breaker includes a base that includes a cylinder head and a cylinder body that are connected to one another. Additional components are fastened to the cylinder head as a core piece of the drive, and a thrust ring is guided on an outer surface of the cylinder body. The thrust ring compresses mechanical springs in the mechanical resilient energy storage device by way of a storage piston in a storage module.

An in-line pump assembly attachable to a hydration bladder includes an electrically driven pump held in a casing and placed in the flow of hydrating liquid. The pump connects to the outlet of the hydration system. Bulbs at the respective ends of a switch line hold an essentially incompressible liquid. Pinching a bite valve bulb on the output end of the drinking tube cause a switch line bulb on the other end of the switch line to expand, closing a pressure switch and causing the pump to pump liquid from the hydration bladder through the drinking tube. Releasing the bite valve bulb reduces the pressure in the switch bulb, disengaging the switch and stopping the flow of liquid. The in-line pump assembly may be connected to a preexisting hydration system through an adapter.