Various methods and systems are provided for an X-ray tube cathode focusing element. In one example, a focusing element is configured with three electron emission filaments, an integrated edge focusing, and a bias voltage. The integrated edge focusing may include a continuous single architecture with rounded edges, and a voltage of the focusing element may be negatively biased relative to a voltage of the electron emission filaments.

Provided is a photocathode kit that does not require adjustment of the distance between a photocathode film and a lens focusing on the photocathode film when the photocathode and the lens are installed inside an electron gun. The photocathode kit includes: a photocathode including a substrate in which a photocathode film is formed on a first surface; a lens; and a holder that holds the substrate and the lens, and the holder has a retaining member that retains the photocathode film and the lens to be spaced apart by a predetermined distance, and a first communication path that communicates between inside of the holder and outside of the holder.

Systems and methods for shut-down of a photovoltaic system. In one embodiment, a method implemented in a computer system includes: communicating, via a central controller, with a plurality of local management units (LMUs), each of the LMUs coupled to control a respective solar module; receiving, via the central controller, a shut-down signal from a user device (e.g., a hand-held device, a computer, or a wireless switch unit); and in response to receiving the shut-down signal, shutting down operation of the respective solar module for each of the LMUs.

Four rod electrodes (50a to 50d) for separating ions according to a mass-to-charge ratio are held by a rod holder (51). The rod holder (51) is placed on a metal holder sustaining stand (52) provided on a bottom surface of a vacuum housing (1), and is fixed while being pressed by a fixation band (53) fixed to the holder sustaining stand (52) with screws (56). A heat release layer (55) made from heat dissipation silicone or the like is inserted between the fixation band (53) and the rod holder (51) and between the fixation band (53) and the holder sustaining stand (52). Therefore, heat generated in the rod holder (51) due to dielectric loss is not only directly transmitted to the holder sustaining stand (52), but also efficiently transmitted to the holder sustaining stand (52) through the fixation band (53).

Four rod electrodes (50a to 50d) for separating ions according to a mass-to-charge ratio are held by a rod holder (51). The rod holder (51) is placed on a metal holder sustaining stand (52) provided on a bottom surface of a vacuum housing (1), and is fixed while being pressed by a fixation band (53) fixed to the holder sustaining stand (52) with screws (56). A heat release layer (55) made from heat dissipation silicone or the like is inserted between the fixation band (53) and the rod holder (51) and between the fixation band (53) and the holder sustaining stand (52). Therefore, heat generated in the rod holder (51) due to dielectric loss is not only directly transmitted to the holder sustaining stand (52), but also efficiently transmitted to the holder sustaining stand (52) through the fixation band (53).

A cathode assembly component (CC) for X-ray imaging, comprising a monolithic outer shell (OS) with electron optical functionality and, insertable in said shell, an insulator structure (INS) for two or more electrodes.

Apparatuses, systems, and methods for ion traps are described herein. One apparatus includes a number of microwave (MW) rails and a number of radio frequency (RF) rails formed with substantially parallel longitudinal axes and with substantially coplanar upper surfaces. The apparatus includes two sequences of direct current (DC) electrodes with each sequence formed to extend substantially parallel to the substantially parallel longitudinal axes of the MW rails and the RF rails. The apparatus further includes a number of through-silicon vias (TSVs) formed through a substrate of the ion trap and a trench capacitor formed in the substrate around at least one TSV.

Apparatuses, systems, and methods for ion traps are described herein. One apparatus includes a number of microwave (MW) rails and a number of radio frequency (RF) rails formed with substantially parallel longitudinal axes and with substantially coplanar upper surfaces. The apparatus includes two sequences of direct current (DC) electrodes with each sequence formed to extend substantially parallel to the substantially parallel longitudinal axes of the MW rails and the RF rails. The apparatus further includes a number of through-silicon vias (TSVs) formed through a substrate of the ion trap and a trench capacitor formed in the substrate around at least one TSV.

A power control apparatus capable of stable transition of a set voltage is provided. A power control apparatus includes a DC to DC converter connected to a DC bus line, a communication unit that communicates with another power control apparatus, and a control unit that controls power interchange with the other power control apparatus through the DC bus line, in which the control unit controls at least a control mode and a droop rate, the control mode includes a first mode for controlling a voltage of the DC bus line, a second mode for controlling a current flowing through the DC bus line, and a third mode for stopping the power interchange, and when the control mode is shifted from the first mode to the second mode or the third mode, the control unit controls the droop rate to be set to a predetermined value other than 0%.

Four rod electrodes (50a to 50d) for separating ions according to a mass-to-charge ratio are held by a rod holder (51). The rod holder (51) is placed on a metal holder sustaining stand (52) provided on a bottom surface of a vacuum housing (1), and is fixed while being pressed by a fixation band (53) fixed to the holder sustaining stand (52) with screws (56). A heat release layer (55) made from heat dissipation silicone or the like is inserted between the fixation band (53) and the rod holder (51) and between the fixation band (53) and the holder sustaining stand (52). Therefore, heat generated in the rod holder (51) due to dielectric loss is not only directly transmitted to the holder sustaining stand (52), but also efficiently transmitted to the holder sustaining stand (52) through the fixation band (53).