A sealed high intensity illumination device configured to receive a laser beam from a laser light source and method for making the same are disclosed. The device includes a sealed cylindrical chamber configured to contain an ionizable medium. The chamber has a cylindrical wall, with an ingress and an egress window disposed opposite the ingress window. A tube insert is disposed within the chamber formed of an insulating material. The insert is configured to receive the laser beam within the insert inner diameter.

An excimer lamp includes a plurality of sheets and a plurality of spacers arranged to form a stack of a plurality of cells in comprising a plurality of chambers. The plurality of sheets includes a first outer sheet, a second outer sheet and a plurality of interior sheets. Each sheet in the plurality of sheets has an outer edge and comprises a material that is transmissive to a target wavelength. Each spacer is placed between two sheets and near the outer edge of each sheet. Each chamber is defined by a volume at least partially enclosed by the two sheets and at least one spacer. An emission material is within each chamber. A first electrode is coupled to the first outer sheet, exterior to the stack, and a second electrode is coupled to the second outer sheet, exterior to the stack. A method of manufacturing the excimer lamp is also disclosed.

The calcium fluoride member includes a first member made from monocrystalline calcium fluoride and a second member made from monocrystalline or polycrystalline calcium fluoride. The first member and the second member is pressure-bonded together to form the calcium fluoride member.

In some embodiments, an electrodeless lamp may be provided. The lamp may include an outer tube and an inner tube. The inner tube may be sealed to the outer tube to define a sealed space in which a gas may be contained. The gas may be configured to emit electromagnetic radiation when an electromagnetic field is applied thereto.

A gas light source is disclosed where gas is contained within a graphene cylinder or graphene capsule. Electrodes extending into the graphene cylinder or capsule are stimulated by an electric voltage to emit light. Eight graphene cylinder light sources can be arranged into a seven-segment alpha-numeric display having a decimal point. Different gases produce different colors of light. Three gas light sources having different gases can be arranged into an RGB pixel. An array of RGB pixels can be formed into a display.

One aspect relates to a process for the preparation of a quartz glass body, including providing a silicon dioxide granulate, making a glass melt out of silicon dioxide granulate and making a quartz glass body out of at least part of the glass melt. The silicon dioxide granulate is obtained by providing and processing a silicon dioxide powder. One aspect also relates to silicon dioxide granulate, which is obtained by providing a silicon dioxide powder and processing it. One aspect further relates to a quartz glass body which is obtainable by this process. One aspect further relates to a light guide, an illuminant and a formed body, which are each obtainable by further processing of the quartz glass body.

A gas light source is disclosed where gas is contained within a graphene cylinder or graphene capsule. Electrodes extending into the graphene cylinder or capsule are stimulated by an electric voltage to emit light. Eight graphene cylinder light sources can be arranged into a seven-segment alpha-numeric display having a decimal point. Different gases produce different colors of light. Three gas light sources having different gases can be arranged into an RGB pixel. An array of RGB pixels can be formed into a display.

A double-ended high intensity discharge lamp includes a luminous tube which comprises an inner tube and an outer tube. At least one electrical member is securely fastened inside the luminous tube and at least one illuminator supported inside the luminous tube with a distributor connected with the electrical member to receive power and supply the illuminator. The outer tube is another protective shield to stop spreading in explosion of the illuminator.

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a quartz glass body comprising the process steps i.) Providing a silicon dioxide granulate, ii.) Making a glass melt out of the silicon dioxide granulate and iii) Making a quartz glass body out of at least part of the glass melt, wherein the provision comprises the steps I. Providing a silicon dioxide powder with at least two particles made from a silicon-chlorine compound, II. Bringing the silicon dioxide powder into contact with steam to obtain a treated silicon dioxide powder and III. Granulating the treated silicon dioxide powder to obtain a silicon dioxide granulate, and wherein the chorine content of the silicon dioxide powder is greater than the chlorine content of the silicon dioxide granulate. The invention further relates to a quartz glass body which is obtainable by this process. The invention further relates to a process for providing a silicon dioxide granulate. The invention further relates to a light guide, an illuminant and a formed body, which are each obtainable by further processing of the quartz glass body.

A double-ended ceramic metal halide lamp includes a luminous tube; at least two illuminators serially connected with each other deposed inside the luminous tube; and at least one ring-shaped retainers arranged between two illuminators to support the illuminators located along a central line of the luminous tube. A manufacturing method for a ceramic metal halide lamp includes following steps: (1) Arrange at least two serially connected illuminators inside an interior of a luminous tube; (2) Seal two ends of the luminous tube by a press sealing technique; and (3) Extract out the gas inside the luminous tube to form an eyelet at a central portion of the luminous tube.