A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.

Core-shell particles may be based on red lead coated with pyrogenically produced titanium dioxide and/or a pyrogenically produced aluminum oxide, and a process may prepare such core-shell particles which may be used in lead-acid batteries. The red lead may include PbO.sub.2 in a range of from 25 to 32 wt. %.

Core-shell particles may be based on red lead coated with pyrogenically produced titanium dioxide and/or a pyrogenically produced aluminum oxide, and a process may prepare such core-shell particles which may be used in lead-acid batteries. The red lead may include PbO.sub.2 in a range of from 25 to 32 wt. %.

A lead-acid battery includes an electrode plate assembly, a battery case, a positive electrode strap, a negative electrode strap, a positive electrode post, a negative electrode post, a cover, and an electrolyte solution. A negative electrode bushing provided in the cover and the negative electrode post together constitute a negative electrode terminal. A maximum value of a gap between an outer circumferential surface of the negative electrode post and an inner circumferential surface of the negative electrode bushing in the negative electrode terminal is 0.5 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less. A rib is provided in a lower part of the negative electrode bushing, and a minimum value of a protrusion height of the rib is 1.5 mm or more and 4.0 mm or less. A distance between a surface of the electrolyte solution and a lowermost portion of the negative electrode bushing is 15 mm or less.

A lead-acid battery includes an electrode plate assembly, a battery case, a positive electrode strap, a negative electrode strap, a positive electrode post, a negative electrode post, a cover, and an electrolyte solution. A negative electrode bushing provided in the cover and the negative electrode post together constitute a negative electrode terminal. A maximum value of a gap between an outer circumferential surface of the negative electrode post and an inner circumferential surface of the negative electrode bushing in the negative electrode terminal is 0.5 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less. A rib is provided in a lower part of the negative electrode bushing, and a minimum value of a protrusion height of the rib is 1.5 mm or more and 4.0 mm or less. A distance between a surface of the electrolyte solution and a lowermost portion of the negative electrode bushing is 15 mm or less.