A charging device wiredly transmits identification information to a power storage pack after the power storage pack is mounted. The power storage pack transmits via near-field communication a signal including the identification information received from the charging device. The charging device collates whether or not the identification information included in the received signal matches the identification information wiredly transmitted.

A first power storage pack wiredly transmits identification information retained in the first power storage pack to a charging device when the first power storage pack is detached from an electric movable body. The charging device wiredly transmits the identification information received from the first power storage pack to a second power storage pack. The controller of the second power storage pack transmits via near-field communication a signal including the identification information received from the charging device. The electric movable body collates whether or not the identification information included in the received signal matches the identification information retained in the first power storage pack.

A battery module is disclosed having a plurality of battery cells and internal relay controllably coupled to an internal module controller, said controller having a plurality of programmed states. Transitions between programmed states are disclosed responsive to a secure command message, and responsive to a monitored operating condition. Passive and active states are disclosed. A modular battery pack is disclosed consisting of a plurality of modules connected in parallel, which can be individually and independently activated and deactivated responsive to a secure command message. Methods are provided for authentication of command messages and for authentication of the command message source.

A control device includes a first acquisition unit configured to acquire geographical position information of a battery registered as being mounted in an electric power supply target, a second acquisition unit configured to acquire geographical position information of the electric power supply target having the battery mounted therein, a determination unit configured to determine whether a change has occurred in a relative relationship between the geographical position information of the battery acquired by the first acquisition unit and the geographical position information of the electric power supply target acquired by the second acquisition unit, and a coping unit configured to stop supply of power to the electric power supply target having the battery mounted therein in a case where it is determined by the determination unit that a change has occurred in the relative relationship.

A system for serving legal documents for initiating legal proceedings which includes a repository, the form of a database which is stored on a server (not shown), for receiving and storing legal documents for initiating legal proceedings, a notification means, in the form of a notifier, for notifying a recipient via an agreed digital address (not shown) of receipt by the database of a legal document, and a payment means (not shown) for allowing the recipient to access the legal document free of charge.

A system for serving legal documents for initiating legal proceedings which includes a repository, the form of a database which is stored on a server (not shown), for receiving and storing legal documents for initiating legal proceedings, a notification means, in the form of a notifier, for notifying a recipient via an agreed digital address (not shown) of receipt by the database of a legal document, and a payment means (not shown) for allowing the recipient to access the legal document free of charge.

An electric movable body transmits a signal including identification information identical to identification information retained in a first power storage pack via near-field communication when the first power storage pack is detached from the electric movable body. A charging device wiredly transmits the identification information received from the electric movable body to a second power storage pack. The second power storage pack transmits via near-field communication a signal including the identification information received from the charging device. The electric movable body collates whether or not the identification information included in the received signal matches the identification information retained in the first power storage pack.

Batteries are provided that include a base including a body having a hole, and an inner wall extending away from the base and disposed around the hole. An interior of the inner wall and the hole form at least part of a through-hole extending through the battery. The battery includes an outer wall extending away from the base and disposed around the inner wall. Cells are disposed on the base and between the inner wall and the outer wall. Structural battery packs are also provided that include: a hollow elongated member including a first interior space between its first and second ends; and one or more batteries disposed around the hollow elongated member between its first and second ends. Each battery includes a through-hole. The hollow elongated member is disposed through the through-hole of each battery. Methods related to the batteries and the structural battery packs are also provided.

Batteries are provided that include a base including a body having a hole, and an inner wall extending away from the base and disposed around the hole. An interior of the inner wall and the hole form at least part of a through-hole extending through the battery. The battery includes an outer wall extending away from the base and disposed around the inner wall. Cells are disposed on the base and between the inner wall and the outer wall. Structural battery packs are also provided that include: a hollow elongated member including a first interior space between its first and second ends; and one or more batteries disposed around the hollow elongated member between its first and second ends. Each battery includes a through-hole. The hollow elongated member is disposed through the through-hole of each battery. Methods related to the batteries and the structural battery packs are also provided.

A vehicular starter battery management system includes a detection unit, a processing unit, a control unit, a discharging circuit and a communication unit. The detection unit, the control unit, and the communication unit are coupled respectively with the processing unit. The discharging circuit is coupled with the control unit. The detection unit includes a static detection circuit and a dynamic detection circuit. The static detection circuit includes a micro current detection circuit, an anti-theft detection circuit and a static voltage detection circuit. The dynamic detection circuit includes a dynamic voltage detection circuit, a dynamic current detection circuit and a temperature detection circuit. The processing unit transmits a signal to the control unit and the communication unit based upon the current intensity, the voltage, the temperature and the time at which the battery management system enters into the static mode, detected by the detection unit, thereby operating the control unit to protect the vehicular starter battery. The processing unit uses the communication unit to transmit a signal to and receive a signal from a hand-held communication device equipped with an application.