An electrode assembly for a flow battery is disclosed comprising a porous electrode material, a frame surrounding the porous electrode material, at least a distributor tube embedded in the porous electrode material having an inlet for supplying electrolyte to the porous electrode material and at least another distributor tube embedded in the porous electrode material having an outlet for discharging electrolyte out of the porous material. The walls of the distributor tubes are preferably provided with holes or pores for allowing a uniform distribution of the electrolyte within the electrode material. The distributor tubes provide the required electrolyte flow path length within the electrode material to minimize shunt current flowing between the flow cells in the battery stack.

Methods and systems are provided for transporting and hydrating a redox flow battery system with a portable field hydration system. In one example, the redox flow battery system may be hydrated with the portable field hydration system in a dry state, in the absence of liquids. In this way, a redox flow battery system may be assembled and transported from a battery manufacturing facility to an end-use location off-site while the redox flow battery system is in the dry state, thereby reducing shipping costs, design complexities, as well as logistical and environmental concerns.

Methods and systems are provided for transporting and hydrating a redox flow battery system with a portable field hydration system. In one example, the redox flow battery system may be hydrated with the portable field hydration system in a dry state, in the absence of liquids. In this way, a redox flow battery system may be assembled and transported from a battery manufacturing facility to an end-use location off-site while the redox flow battery system is in the dry state, thereby reducing shipping costs, design complexities, as well as logistical and environmental concerns.

An electrode assembly for a flow battery is disclosed comprising a porous electrode material, a frame surrounding the porous electrode material, at least a distributor tube embedded in the porous electrode material having an inlet for supplying electrolyte to the porous electrode material and at least another distributor tube embedded in the porous electrode material having an outlet for discharging electrolyte out of the porous material. The walls of the distributor tubes are preferably provided with holes or pores for allowing a uniform distribution of the electrolyte within the electrode material. The distributor tubes provide the required electrolyte flow path length within the electrode material to minimize shunt current flowing between the flow cells in the battery stack.

Methods and systems are provided for a redox flow battery system. In one example, a method of operating a redox flow battery system includes switching the redox flow battery system to an idle mode and completely draining electrolytes from one or more electrode compartments of the redox flow battery system. The one or more electrode compartments may be purged with a gas and refilled with fresh electrolytes.

An electrode comprising galvanic membranes having a thickness defined by an average length of vectors normal to a membrane first surface and extending to where said vectors intersect a membrane uncompressed second surface; a non-porous metal sheet having first and second surfaces; a non-porous dielectric sheet having first and second surfaces; square weave metal wire screens having a wire diameter slightly greater than one half the at least one galvanic membrane thickness dimension; wherein, at least one galvanic membrane is adjacent the metal wire screen on the at least one galvanic membrane first and second surfaces in a stack of membranes and screens; the metal wire screen is adjacent the first surface of the non-porous dielectric sheet; the second surfaces of non-porous metal sheets have a sustained pressure of at least 7 million Pascal; and; the metal wire screen is collectively in incompressible vertical alignment with another metal wire screen.

A fuel cell control method, control system and electric vehicle. The control method comprises the following steps of determining that the fuel cell is shut down and controlling the fuel cell to enter a standby mode, wherein the standby mode comprises the step of controlling the electric quantity output by the stack module of the fuel cell such that it is used only for maintaining the working temperature of the fuel cell. From the above content, it can be known that according to the technical solution provided by the invention, the low-power consumption standby operation of the fuel cell can be maintained, the temperature of the fuel cell is ensured to be at the working temperature, the heat loss caused by the shutdown of the fuel cell is reduced, the power requirement of a whole vehicle is met in an instant response manner when the fuel cell is started for the second time, the starting time is short, the gas loss and the starting time caused by heating the fuel cell during the second starting are reduced, and the fuel cell does not need to be heated during the second starting, so that the rotating speed of a fan does not need to be increased, and the comfort of the electric vehicle is ensured.

An electrode for electrochemical cells including an electrically conductive cohesive membrane having a thickness defined by a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; ohmic impedance independent of membrane thickness; simultaneous uniform charge/discharge throughout membrane thickness; the membrane comprising open cell pores and surfaces; a current collector electrically strongly coupled to the entire membrane thickness; and pins extending through the membrane from the first surface to the second surface; the pins electrically coupled to the current collector having eliminated prior art problematical interfacial layers.

Devices and methods for managing the state of health of an electrolyte in redox flow batteries (RFB) efficiently are described. A diffusion cell is added to the RFB which controls one or more properties of the electrolytes using the diffusion of protons through a proton exchange membrane. The diffusion cell can resemble an electrochemical cell in that there are two fluid chambers divided by a proton conducting membrane. Anolyte flows through one side of the device where it contacts the proton conducting membrane, and catholyte flows through the second side of the device where it contacts the other face of the proton conducting membrane. The concentration gradient of protons from high concentration in the catholyte to low concentration in the anolyte is the driving force for proton diffusion, rather than electromotive force, which greatly simplifies the design and operation.

A method for replenishing an electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell stack includes: preparing an electrolyte colloidal solution containing 10% to 20% of the electrolyte and having a viscosity of 200 to 800 Pa.Math.s; replenishing the electrolyte of the cell stack using the electrolyte colloidal solution prepared in step 1 to allow the electrolyte to adhere to an electrode and an internal channel of the cell stack; discharging excess electrolyte colloidal solution in the cell stack; and drying and discharging water or an organic solvent in the cell stack under an inert gas condition to complete replenishment of the electrolyte of the cell stack, and performing a discharge performance test.