Disclosed are a polymer electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell, a membrane-electrode assembly including the same, a fuel cell and a method of manufacturing the polymer electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell. Particularly, the polymer electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell may include ionomer layers including a voltage reversal tolerance-increasing additive including a water electrolysis catalyst and an electrical conductor and provided on a porous reinforced film.

Disclosed are a polymer electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell, a membrane-electrode assembly including the same, a fuel cell and a method of manufacturing the polymer electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell. Particularly, the polymer electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell may include ionomer layers including a voltage reversal tolerance-increasing additive including a water electrolysis catalyst and an electrical conductor and provided on a porous reinforced film.

The present specification relates to a compound comprising an aromatic ring, a polymer comprising the same, a polyelectrolyte membrane comprising the same, a membrane-electrode assembly comprising the polyelectrolyte membrane, a fuel cell comprising the membrane-electrode assembly, and a redox flow battery comprising the polyelectrolyte membrane.

A stable form which uses a carbon material having electrical conductivity as a raw material and that the electrical conductivity of the carbon material is retained and/or improved, and which improves the electricity generation properties when used in a catalyst layer for a fuel cell. The present invention is directed to, e.g., a calcined material of a mixture of an aromatic compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group and a carbon material having electrical conductivity.

To provide a membrane electrode assembly capable of forming a fuel cell excellent in power generation efficiency, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. The membrane electrode assembly of the present invention comprises an anode having a catalyst layer containing a proton-conducting polymer and a catalyst, a cathode having a catalyst layer containing a proton-conducting polymer and a catalyst, and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the proton-conducting polymer contained in the catalyst layer of at least one of the anode and the cathode, is a polymer (H) having a cyclic ether structural unit and an ion exchange group, and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane contains a fluorinated polymer (S) having an ion exchange group; and the thickness of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is from 5 to 15 μm, and the ratio of the content M1 [mol %] of the cyclic ether structure unit to the thickness T1 [μm] of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is 4.5 or more.

Provided are composite electrolytes having a bio-based gel electrolyte in an ordered structure of a porous solid. In some embodiments, the gel electrolyte includes a glycolate gel, a glycerate gel, a bio-based compound-derived gel or a combination thereof. Also provided are electrochemical systems (electrodeposition), redox flow batteries, fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries and lithium-metal batteries including the composite electrolytes, and methods for producing gel electrolytes. In some embodiments, the methods including reacting a polyol, optionally ethylene glycol, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, or any combination thereof, with a lithium metal and/or a lithium salt, optionally lithium hydroxide, a sodium salt, optionally sodium hydroxide (NaOH), NaTFSI, NaBF.sub.4, or NaPF.sub.6; an aluminum salt; a potassium salt, a magnesium salt; a calcium salt; a zinc salt; or any combination thereof.

Provided are composite electrolytes having a bio-based gel electrolyte in an ordered structure of a porous solid. In some embodiments, the gel electrolyte includes a glycolate gel, a glycerate gel, a bio-based compound-derived gel or a combination thereof. Also provided are electrochemical systems (electrodeposition), redox flow batteries, fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries and lithium-metal batteries including the composite electrolytes, and methods for producing gel electrolytes. In some embodiments, the methods including reacting a polyol, optionally ethylene glycol, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, or any combination thereof, with a lithium metal and/or a lithium salt, optionally lithium hydroxide, a sodium salt, optionally sodium hydroxide (NaOH), NaTFSI, NaBF.sub.4, or NaPF.sub.6; an aluminum salt; a potassium salt, a magnesium salt; a calcium salt; a zinc salt; or any combination thereof.

A composite polymer electrolyte membrane comprising a nanofiber sheet having a basis weight of 1.5 g/m.sup.2 or more and 4.0 g/m.sup.2 or less, and a proton-conducting polymer, the electrolyte membrane having a sheet shape in which the proton-conducting polymer and the nanofiber sheet are combined, and having an average coefficient of linear expansion of 300 ppm/K or less from 20° C. to 120° C. in an in-plane direction of the sheet shape.

A composite polymer electrolyte membrane comprising a nanofiber sheet having a basis weight of 1.5 g/m.sup.2 or more and 4.0 g/m.sup.2 or less, and a proton-conducting polymer, the electrolyte membrane having a sheet shape in which the proton-conducting polymer and the nanofiber sheet are combined, and having an average coefficient of linear expansion of 300 ppm/K or less from 20° C. to 120° C. in an in-plane direction of the sheet shape.

A fuel cell includes a cell stacked body and a manifold. The cell stacked body has elements stacked, each element having: a fuel electrode and an oxidant electrode between which the electrolyte membrane is interposed; a fuel electrode flow channel plate; and an oxidant electrode flow channel plate. The manifold is provided on a lateral surface, of the cell stacked body, along a stacking direction of the cell stacked body and feeds a reaction gas to the fuel electrode flow channel plate or the oxidant electrode flow channel plate. The manifold includes a gas flow channel part that is provided between a plurality of the cell stacked bodies arranged to line up in a first direction perpendicular to the stacking direction and that allows communication between the cell stacked bodies such that the reaction gas passes through.