A non-reciprocal microwave network is provided that includes an in-line ferromagnetic element [1010] with adjoining polarizing adapters [1002, 1004, 1006, 1008] to achieve directivity via a multi-mode interaction at or near the ferrite to act as new class of 4-port circulator or 2-port isolator, with standard waveguide inputs for assembly in larger networks.

An electrical isolation apparatus. A signal is transmitted between a first transmission circuit, a first reference circuit, a second transmission circuit, and a second reference circuit according to a principle of electric field coupling between conductors. Therefore, the electrical isolation apparatus can be applied to isolation and transmission for a signal with a relatively high frequency between a first signal device and a second signal device. In addition, a material used by the electrical isolation apparatus may be a common metal conductor, which greatly reduces a size and costs of the electrical isolation apparatus and facilitates manufacturing and implementation of the electrical isolation apparatus.

An electrical isolation apparatus. A signal is transmitted between a first transmission circuit, a first reference circuit, a second transmission circuit, and a second reference circuit according to a principle of electric field coupling between conductors. Therefore, the electrical isolation apparatus can be applied to isolation and transmission for a signal with a relatively high frequency between a first signal device and a second signal device. In addition, a material used by the electrical isolation apparatus may be a common metal conductor, which greatly reduces a size and costs of the electrical isolation apparatus and facilitates manufacturing and implementation of the electrical isolation apparatus.

A non-reciprocal microwave network is provided that includes an in-line ferromagnetic element with adjoining polarizing adapters to achieve directivity via a multi-mode interaction at or near the ferrite to act as new class of 4-port circulator or 2-port isolator, with standard waveguide inputs for assembly in larger networks.

A non-reciprocal microwave network is provided that includes an in-line ferromagnetic element with adjoining polarizing adapters to achieve directivity via a multi-mode interaction at or near the ferrite to act as new class of 4-port circulator or 2-port isolator, with standard waveguide inputs for assembly in larger networks.

A non-reciprocal microwave network is provided that includes an in-line ferromagnetic element [1010] with adjoining polarizing adapters [1002, 1004, 1006, 1008] to achieve directivity via a multi-mode interaction at or near the ferrite to act as new class of 4-port circulator or 2-port isolator, with standard waveguide inputs for assembly in larger networks.

An irreversible circuit element includes: a housing; a plurality of irreversible circuit plates accommodated in the housing; and a plurality of terminals connected to an outer surface of the housing, the plurality of irreversible circuit plates are arranged such that the adjacent irreversible circuit plates face each other, each of the plurality of irreversible circuit plates includes a metal layer, a first insulating layer, a loss layer, and a first magnetic field applying layer laminated in sequence in a thickness direction, each of the plurality of irreversible circuit plates transmits a signal irreversibly between a first end and a second end, and the first end and the second end of each of the plurality of irreversible circuit plates are connected to different terminals of the plurality of terminals.

An electrical isolation apparatus. A signal is transmitted between a first transmission circuit, a first reference circuit, a second transmission circuit, and a second reference circuit according to a principle of electric field coupling between conductors. Therefore, the electrical isolation apparatus can be applied to isolation and transmission for a signal with a relatively high frequency between a first signal device and a second signal device. In addition, a material used by the electrical isolation apparatus may be a common metal conductor, which greatly reduces a size and costs of the electrical isolation apparatus and facilitates manufacturing and implementation of the electrical isolation apparatus.

An electrical isolation apparatus. A signal is transmitted between a first transmission circuit, a first reference circuit, a second transmission circuit, and a second reference circuit according to a principle of electric field coupling between conductors. Therefore, the electrical isolation apparatus can be applied to isolation and transmission for a signal with a relatively high frequency between a first signal device and a second signal device. In addition, a material used by the electrical isolation apparatus may be a common metal conductor, which greatly reduces a size and costs of the electrical isolation apparatus and facilitates manufacturing and implementation of the electrical isolation apparatus.