A microwave prism is used to repoint an operational Direct-to-Home (DTH) or Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) reflector antenna as part of a ground terminal to receive (or transmit) signals from a different satellite or orbital position without physically moving the reflector or the feed horn antenna. The microwave prism operates by shifting the radiated fields from the horn antenna generally perpendicular to the focal axis of the parabolic reflector in order to cause the main beam of the reflector to scan in response. For an existing reflector antenna receiving signals from an incumbent satellite, a prism has been designed to be snapped into place over the feed horn and shift the fields laterally by a calibrated distance. The structure of the prism is designed to be positioned and oriented correctly without the use of skilled labor. This system allows a satellite service provider to repoint their subscribers to a new satellite by shipping a self-install kit of the prism that is pre-configured to have the correct orientation and position on the feed antenna to correctly re-point the beam at a different satellite once the prism is applied. One benefit of the system is that unskilled labor, i.e., the subscribers themselves, can be used to repoint a large number of subscriber antennas in a satellite network rather than requiring the cost of a truck roll and a technician to visit every site. The microwave prisms to implement this functionality can be constructed in different ways, with homogeneous slabs or blocks, Gradient-Index (GRIN), multi-layered dielectric, geometric or graded-index Fresnel-zone, metasurface, or metamaterial prisms. The geometric and electrical constraints of the design are determined by the incumbent and target satellites, and the ground terminal location.

Single band and multiband wireless antennas are an important element of wireless systems. Competing tradeoffs of overall footprint, performance aspects such as impedance matching and cost require not only consideration but become significant when multiple antenna elements are employed within a single antenna such as to obtain circular polarization transmit and/or receive. Accordingly, it would be beneficial to provide designers of a wide range of electrical devices and systems with compact single or multiple frequency band antennas which, in addition to providing the controlled radiation pattern and circular polarization purity (where required) are impedance matched without substantially increasing the footprint of the antenna and/or the complexity of the microwave/RF circuit interfaced to them, whilst supporting multiple signals to/from multiple antenna elements in antennas employing them. Solutions present achieve this through provisioning one or more capacitive series reactances discretely or in combination with one or more shunt capacitive reactances.

A radar system includes a transmitter including a power amplifier (PA) for amplifying a local oscillator (LO) signal, to generate an amplified signal. The radar system also includes a receiver including an IQ generator for generating an I signal based on the LO signal and for generating a Q signal based on the LO signal and a low noise amplifier (LNA) for amplifying a looped back signal, to generate a receiver signal. The receiver also includes a first mixer for mixing the receiver signal and the I signal, to generate a baseband I signal and a second mixer for mixing the receiver signal and the Q signal, to generate a baseband Q signal. Additionally, the radar system includes a waveguide loopback for guiding the amplified signal from the transmitter to the receiver as the looped back signal.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

A nonreciprocal phased-array antenna includes an array of resonant antennas a.sub.1, . . . , a.sub.n. During transmission, an outbound signal having a frequency f.sub.0 and a phase shift φ.sub.di caused by propagation through a data network feeds into each resonant antenna a.sub.i. Each resonant antenna a.sub.i upconverts the outbound signal using a modulation signal having a frequency f.sub.m and a phase shift φ.sub.mi caused by propagation through a modulation network to produce an upconverted radiated signal having a frequency f.sub.0+f.sub.m and a phase proportionate to φ.sub.di+φ.sub.mi. During reception, an inbound signal of frequency f.sub.0+f.sub.m is received at each resonant antenna a.sub.i and is downconverted using the modulation signal to produce a downconverted signal having a frequency f.sub.0 and a phase proportionate to −φ.sub.mi. After passing through the data network to the inbound port, the downconverted signal has a phase proportionate to φ.sub.di−φ.sub.mi.

A device may include a housing with a plurality of top openings provided in a top portion of the housing and a plurality of bottom openings provided in a bottom portion of the housing. The device may include one or more internal components provided within the housing to provide a wireless service. The device may include a rotation extension connected to the bottom portion of the housing and configured to rotatably attach to a bracket that mounts the device to an object. The device may include a connector connected to the rotation extension and configured to receive a cable that provides communication signals to and from the device.

A portable electronic apparatus includes a case, a solar cell disposed in the case, a GPS antenna as an antenna section disposed in the case, including a base as a nonconductive member and a conductive body disposed on a surface of the nonconductive member, and adapted to receive a positioning satellite signal, and a circuit board disposed in the case, and electrically connected to the solar cell and the antenna section, and the antenna section overlaps the solar cell in a planar view viewed from a normal direction of light receiving surfaces of the solar cell.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are described for combining digital and analog beamsteering in a channelized antenna array. In some examples, a method can include receiving one or more signals at each of a plurality of groups of antenna elements, each group of antenna elements defining a respective channel from a plurality of channels, and steering, by each respective channel and using analog steering, the one or more signals in a respective direction to yield a steered analog signal pattern. The method can further include converting the steered analog signal pattern associated with each respective channel into a respective digital signal and, based on the respective digital signal, generating, using digital steering, digital signal patterns steered within the steered analog signal pattern associated with the respective digital signal.

A nonreciprocal phased-array antenna includes an array of resonant antennas a.sub.1, . . . , a.sub.n. During transmission, an outbound signal having a frequency f.sub.0 and a phase shift φ.sub.di caused by propagation through a data network feeds into each resonant antenna a.sub.i. Each resonant antenna a.sub.i upconverts the outbound signal using a modulation signal having a frequency f.sub.m and a phase shift φ.sub.mi caused by propagation through a modulation network to produce an upconverted radiated signal having a frequency f.sub.0+f.sub.m and a phase proportionate to φ.sub.di+φ.sub.mi. During reception, an inbound signal of frequency f.sub.0+f.sub.m is received at each resonant antenna a.sub.i and is downconverted using the modulation signal to produce a downconverted signal having a frequency f.sub.0 and a phase proportionate to −φ.sub.mi. After passing through the data network to the inbound port, the downconverted signal has a phase proportionate to φ.sub.di−φ.sub.mi.

A device may include a housing with a plurality of top openings provided in a top portion of the housing and a plurality of bottom openings provided in a bottom portion of the housing. The device may include one or more internal components provided within the housing to provide a wireless service. The device may include a rotation extension connected to the bottom portion of the housing and configured to rotatably attach to a bracket that mounts the device to an object. The device may include a connector connected to the rotation extension and configured to receive a cable that provides communication signals to and from the device.