Methods and devices are described for performing an all-phase measurement of an ultra-fast laser pulse having a spectral range of greater than one octave. The ultra-fast laser pulse may be split into a first beam comprising a fundamental light with a wavelength λ.sub.0 and a second beam comprising a light with a wavelength 2λ.sub.0. The light with the wavelength 2λ.sub.0 may be frequency doubled to a light with a wavelength λ.sub.0 to generate an interference with the fundamental light. Fourier transform may be performed on an interference spectrum of the interference, and a relative envelope delay (RED) between the fundamental light and the frequency doubled light and a carrier envelope phase (CEP) may be acquired based on a result of the Fourier transform.

Methods and devices are described for performing an all-phase measurement of an ultra-fast laser pulse having a spectral range of greater than one octave. The ultra-fast laser pulse may be split into a first beam comprising a fundamental light with a wavelength λ.sub.0 and a second beam comprising a light with a wavelength 2λ.sub.0. The light with the wavelength 2λ.sub.0 may be frequency doubled to a light with a wavelength λ.sub.0 to generate an interference with the fundamental light. Fourier transform may be performed on an interference spectrum of the interference, and a relative envelope delay (RED) between the fundamental light and the frequency doubled light and a carrier envelope phase (CEP) may be acquired based on a result of the Fourier transform.

A laser device includes: a first mirror and a second mirror that cause resonance of a plurality of beams having different wavelengths from one another; a diffraction grating that causes the beams that are incident from the first mirror with directions of beam central axes being different from one another to travel to the second mirror while aligning the beam central axes with one another, and causes the beams that are incident from the second mirror with the beam central axes being aligned with one another to travel to the first mirror while causing the directions of the beam central axes to be different from one another; and a housing unit housing a laser medium that is a medium through which the beams traveling between the first mirror and the diffraction grating pass, and has a discrete gain spectrum in which a peak occurs at each wavelength of the beams.

Methods and devices are described for performing an all-phase measurement of an ultra-fast laser pulse having a spectral range of greater than one octave. The ultra-fast laser pulse may be split into a first beam comprising a fundamental light with a wavelength λ.sub.0 and a second beam comprising a light with a wavelength 2λ.sub.0. The light with the wavelength 2λ.sub.0 may be frequency doubled to a light with a wavelength λ.sub.0 to generate an interference with the fundamental light. Fourier transform may be performed on an interference spectrum of the interference, and a relative envelope delay (RED) between the fundamental light and the frequency doubled light and a carrier envelope phase (CEP) may be acquired based on a result of the Fourier transform.

Methods and devices are described for performing an all-phase measurement of an ultra-fast laser pulse having a spectral range of greater than one octave. The ultra-fast laser pulse may be split into a first beam comprising a fundamental light with a wavelength λ.sub.0 and a second beam comprising a light with a wavelength 2λ.sub.0. The light with the wavelength 2λ.sub.0 may be frequency doubled to a light with a wavelength λ.sub.0 to generate an interference with the fundamental light. Fourier transform may be performed on an interference spectrum of the interference, and a relative envelope delay (RED) between the fundamental light and the frequency doubled light and a carrier envelope phase (CEP) may be acquired based on a result of the Fourier transform.

A tool holder attached to a main spindle of a machine tool is provided. The tool holder includes a main body that has a tubular shape and extends in a direction away from the main spindle with the tool holder attached to the main spindle; an optically pumped laser that is installed inside the main body and configured to radiate a laser light by using an exciting light provided by a light source; an optical system that guides the laser light radiated by the optically pumped laser so that the laser light is emitted from a leading end of the main body in an extending direction of the main body; and a light-guiding path that guides the exciting light from an outside of the main body to the optically pumped laser.

A porro prism stabilized q-switched laser system including a gain material, a partial reflector optically connected to the gain material, an oscillating mirror operably connected to the gain material, and a porro prism optically connected to the oscillating mirror. The system has a first path located between the partial reflector and the oscillating mirror, and a second path located between the oscillating mirror and the porro prism. The stabilized laser system having larger alignment tolerances making for more stable and less expensive systems. The stabilized laser system having a shorter cavity length than traditional q-switched laser systems.

A porro prism stabilized q-switched laser system including a gain material, a partial reflector optically connected to the gain material, an oscillating mirror operably connected to the gain material, and a porro prism optically connected to the oscillating mirror. The system has a first path located between the partial reflector and the oscillating mirror, and a second path located between the oscillating mirror and the porro prism. The stabilized laser system having larger alignment tolerances making for more stable and less expensive systems. The stabilized laser system having a shorter cavity length than traditional q-switched laser systems.

The compact, laser cavity with a single-axis scanning element as the optical Q-switch incorporates all optical components required for a short-pulse laser. These optical components are locked into alignment forming an optical laser cavity for diode laser or flash lamp pumping. The optical laser cavity does not need optical alignment after it is fabricated. Unfortunately, during the alignment process of the optical laser cavity there are small shifts due to the bonding process of the optical elements. These small shifts introduce alignment errors which results in a decrease in output energy and beam quality. The improvement presented adds a single circular wedge prism that corrects these alignment errors returning the output back to its optimum energy output and beam quality.

The compact, laser cavity with a single-axis scanning element as the optical Q-switch incorporates all optical components required for a short-pulse laser. These optical components are locked into alignment forming an optical laser cavity for diode laser or flash lamp pumping. The optical laser cavity does not need optical alignment after it is fabricated. Unfortunately, during the alignment process of the optical laser cavity there are small shifts due to the bonding process of the optical elements. These small shifts introduce alignment errors which results in a decrease in output energy and beam quality. The improvement presented adds a single circular wedge prism that corrects these alignment errors returning the output back to its optimum energy output and beam quality.