The electrical system (100) includes: —a capacitor (C); —an electrical power supply device (102); —an electrical power receiving device (104); —a current-consuming electrical circuit (108) designed to consume a current (i) entering via a first interface terminal (B.sub.A) and exiting via a second interface terminal (B.sub.B). The electrical system (100) being designed such that the current-consuming electrical circuit (108) consumes the discharge current (i) when the electrical power supply device (102) is connected to the terminals of the capacitor (C). The current-consuming electrical circuit (108) includes a transistor (Q1) arranged such that the consumed current (i) enters via a current input terminal (C1) of the transistor (Q1) and exits via a current output terminal (E1) of the transistor (Q1), and in that the current output terminal (E1) is connected to a control terminal (B1) of the transistor (Q1) in order to stabilize the transistor (Q1).

An integrated circuit for a power supply circuit including a transformer having a primary coil, a secondary coil, and an auxiliary coil, and a transistor configured to control a current flowing through the primary coil. The integrated circuit includes a first terminal receiving a power supply voltage corresponding to a voltage from the auxiliary coil; a second terminal receiving a feedback voltage corresponding to an output voltage; a third terminal receiving a voltage corresponding to a current flowing through the transistor when the transistor is on; a determination circuit determining whether a detection circuit configured to detect a voltage generated in the auxiliary coil is coupled between the third terminal and the auxiliary coil; and a switching control circuit controlling switching of the transistor based on the voltages at the second and third terminals and a determination result of the first determination circuit.

An electric power conversion system and a vehicle, to improve vehicle availability. The electric power conversion system may receive electric energy provided by a first power supply, and supply power to at least one load module. The system may include a first direct current to direct current conversion module and a second direct current to direct current conversion module. The first direct current to direct current conversion module is configured to perform voltage conversion processing on the electric energy and provide the electric energy to the at least one load module. The second direct current to direct current conversion module is configured to perform voltage conversion processing on the electric energy and provide the electric energy to the at least one load module.

A power converter circuit includes a switch including a field effect transistor, the field effect transistor being a wide bandgap field effect transistor and being configured to maintain an on operational state responsive to a maintenance signal received through a gate terminal, a current sensing circuit that is configured to estimate a drain terminal current of the field effect transistor responsive to a voltage between the gate terminal of the field effect transistor and a source terminal of the field effect transistor, and a gate driving circuit that is configured to generate the maintenance signal responsive to the estimate of the drain terminal current.

A reference voltage generator configured to be supplied with a first voltage from an external device and to generate a reference voltage which is a voltage lower than a second voltage which is a voltage higher than the first voltage supplied from the external device on the basis of the second voltage through negotiation with the external device; a determiner configured to determine a magnitude relationship between the second voltage and the reference voltage; and an output configured to notify that a voltage has decreased when the second voltage is equal to or lower than the reference voltage on the basis of the result of determination are included.

Various implementations described herein are directed to a methods and apparatuses for disconnecting, by a device, elements at certain parts of an electrical system. The method may include measuring operational parameters at certain locations within the system and/or receiving messages from control devices indicating a potentially unsafe condition, disconnecting and/or short-circuiting system elements in response, and reconnection the system elements when it is safe to do so. Certain embodiments relate to methods and apparatuses for providing operational power to safety switches during different modes of system operation.

An integrated circuit for a power supply circuit that includes a transformer including a primary coil, a secondary coil, and an auxiliary coil, and a transistor controlling a current flowing through the primary coil. The integrated circuit includes a first determination circuit determining a state of the load; a second determination circuit determining whether a current of the secondary coil is in a continuous mode and a discontinuous mode, in which the current of the secondary coil respectively does not reach, and reaches, zero when the transistor is off; an oscillator circuit outputting an oscillator signal; and a switching control circuit controlling switching of the transistor in response to a determination result of the second determination circuit and the oscillator signal, and in response to the oscillator signal irrespective of the determination result of the second determination circuit, respectively when the state of the load is light and heavy.

The present application provides a synchronous rectification circuit, which adopts a multiplexer that selectively inputs a first reference signal or a second reference signal to a comparator by coupling the first and second reference signal. A comparing signal is generated to a switch element by comparing a switch input signal. Hereby, the switch element is under control for synchronous rectification.

To provide a power converter and a breaking mechanism which can break a DC current and can suppress that a fused material scatter to other circuits at fusing, in the case where the breaking mechanism of excess current is formed by a circuit pattern of a circuit board. In a power converter, a supporting member is provided with a support body part; a fixation projection part which projected from the support body part and to which the multilayer circuit board was fixed; and a support projection part which projected from the support body part and supports an one side circuit board face, wherein the fuse pattern is provided in an inner layer, and the support projection part overlaps with at least one part of a fusing part of the fuse pattern, viewing in a normal direction of the circuit board face of the multilayer circuit board.

A driver circuit includes three sub-circuits. A first sub-circuit is configured to generate a drive current output by the driver circuit through an output node during first and second regions of operation and includes: a diode coupled to the output node and a first transistor, and a second transistor coupled to the first transistor and a current mirror. A second sub-circuit is configured to generate the drive current during the first and second and a third region of operation and includes: a third transistor coupled to the output node; and a fourth transistor. A third sub-circuit is configured to generate the drive current during the third region of operation and includes: a current source coupled to the current mirror and a buffer; and a fifth transistor coupled to the third transistor and the fourth transistor and configured to receive an output of the buffer.