An object of the invention is to provide an electroporation method for treating vesicles with exogenous material for insertion of the exogenous material into the vesicles which includes the steps of: a. retaining a suspension of the vesicles and the exogenous material in a treatment volume in a chamber which includes electrodes, wherein the chamber has a geometric factor (cm.sup.−1) defined by the quotient of the electrode gap squared (cm.sup.2) divided by the chamber volume (cm.sup.3), wherein the geometric factor is less than or equal to 0.1 cm.sup.−1, wherein the suspension of the vesicles and the exogenous material is in a medium which is adjusted such that the medium has conductivity in a range spanning 50 microSiemens/cm to 500 microSiemens/cm, wherein the suspension is enclosed in the chamber during treatment, and b. treating the suspension enclosed in the chamber with one or more pulsed electric fields. With the method, the treatment volume of the suspension is scalable, and the time of treatment of the vesicles in the chamber is substantially uniform.

In an axial gap motor, a rotor includes a plurality of rotor cores fixed in a circumferential direction of a rotor base, and a stator includes a plurality of stator cores fixed in a circumferential direction of a stator base, and coils wound around the stator cores. End faces of each of the rotor cores and end faces of the corresponding stator core are opposed to each other while being exposed to each other.

An electric motor may comprise a rotor and a stator comprising rotor and stator teeth, respectively. A non-uniform angular spacing or grouping of rotor teeth may facilitate desired rotational speeds of the rotor.

A three-suspension pole magnetic suspension sheet switched reluctance motor includes a stator and a rotor. The stator includes a motor stator iron core, a magnetic conductive bridge, and a permanent magnet ring. Three stator suspension teeth and three stator torque teeth are distributed at intervals on an inner periphery of the motor stator iron core. The stator torque teeth are respectively connected to the motor stator iron core. The stator torque teeth are axially distributed and have inverted U-shapes. The magnetic conductive bridge is connected to the motor stator iron core through the permanent magnet ring. The magnetic conductive bridge includes a magnetism collection ring protruding inwards into the rotor. Rotor teeth are distributed on an outer side of the rotor. An outer air gap is between the rotor tooth and the motor stator iron core. An inner air gap is between the rotor tooth and the magnetism collection ring.

An axial flux rotary electric machine including at least one stator and at least one rotor that are arranged along an axis of rotation of the machine, the rotor including a rotor mass and housings created in the rotor mass, the housings defining magnetic poles of the rotor, each of the housings being able to contain or not contain at least one permanent magnet.

A stator assembly has coils in a distributed winding configuration. A poly-phase switched reluctance motor assembly may include a stator assembly with multiple coils in a distributed winding configuration. The stator assembly may have a central bore into which a rotor assembly having multiple poles is received and configured to rotate. A method of controlling a switched reluctance motor may include at least three phases wherein during each conduction period a first phase is energized with negative direction current, a second phase is energized with positive current and there is at least one non-energized phase. During each commutation period either the first phase or second phase switches off to a non-energized state and one of the non-energized phases switches on to an energized state with the same direction current as the first or second phase that was switched off. The switched reluctance motor may include a distributed winding configuration.

Increase in weight of a rotary electric machine including a low-speed rotor in which a spacer made of metal is provided between a plurality of magnetic pole pieces, can be suppressed. The rotary electric machine includes a stator, a first rotor provided so as to be rotatable with respect to the stator, and a second rotor provided coaxially with the first rotor. The first rotor includes a plurality of magnetic pole pieces disposed so as to be arranged in the circumferential direction, a plurality of spacers respectively disposed between the plurality of magnetic pole pieces, two dampers respectively disposed at both end portions in the axial direction, and a fastening tool for fastening each spacer to a corresponding clamper. The spacer has a cavity portion. The spacer and the fastening tool are electrically insulated from each other.

A salient pole type hybrid excitation motor, belonging to the field of motors, and including a rotor assembly, where the rotor assembly includes: an electromagnetic rotor with radial salient poles and constructed in an annular shape and sleeving a magnetic yoke; a permanent magnet rotor installed on one side of the electromagnetic rotor; and axial salient pole blocks installed on one side of the permanent magnet rotor away from the electromagnetic rotor and arranged alternately with the radial salient poles, a plurality of axial salient pole blocks being matched with a plurality of radial salient poles of the electromagnetic rotor, and a polarity of the axial salient pole blocks being opposite to that of permanent magnet steels corresponding to the radial salient poles of the electromagnetic rotor. Electric excitation and permanent magnet excitation are combined to adjust an air gap magnetic field of a motor.

A process for assembling a rotor of a variable-reluctance synchronous motor, characterised in that it comprises the steps of: i. preparing a plurality of discs having a through-cavity for each polar sector for housing at least a magnet; ii. positioning the discs in sequence along an axis of rotation for forming the rotor, so that the through-cavities are aligned to one another; iii. preparing magnets having an identical depth that is smaller than the depth of the rotor, and a frontal section that is identical to or smaller than the area of the cavity; iv. calculating the number of magnets to be inserted, for each polar sector, in a sequence so as to occupy only part of the total depth of the rotor as a function of the performances to be obtained; v. inserting the calculated number of magnets in a series of cavities aligned for each polar sector. The invention also relates to a rotor of a variable-reluctance synchronous motor assembled using the process set out above.

Disclosed are a rotor structure, a permanent magnet auxiliary synchronous reluctance motor, and an electric vehicle. The rotor structure includes a rotor body provided with a permanent magnet slot group; the permanent magnet slot group includes an outer layer of permanent magnet slot and an inner layer of permanent magnet slot; a magnetic conduction channel is formed between the outer layer of permanent magnet slot and the inner layer of permanent magnet slot; the magnetic conduction channel is provided with a connection hole.