Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture are disclosed to generate a modulation protocol to output audio. An example apparatus includes a modulation circuit including a first input, a second input, a first output, and a second output; a first gate coupled to the first output of the modulation circuit; a second gate coupled to the second output of the modulation circuit; a first multiplexer including a first input coupled to the first output of the modulation circuit, a second input coupled to the output of the second gate, and an output coupled to a first switch; and a second multiplexer including a first input coupled to the second output of the modulation circuit, a second input coupled to the output of the first gate, and an output coupled to a second switch.

In accordance with an embodiment, a wireless power transmitter includes a charging surface, a transmitting antenna configured to generate an electromagnetic field extending above the charging surface, a sensing array disposed between the transmitting antenna and the charging surface, and a controller coupled to the sensing array. The sensing array includes a plurality of sensors. Each sensor of the plurality of sensors is configured to generate a respective signal indicative of a strength of the electromagnetic field. The controller is configured to detect a presence of a metallic object, other than a receiving antenna of a power receiver, in the electromagnetic field based on the respective signal generated by one or more sensors of the plurality of sensors.

In accordance with an embodiment, a wireless power transmitter includes a charging surface, a transmitting antenna configured to generate an electromagnetic field extending above the charging surface, a sensing array disposed between the transmitting antenna and the charging surface, and a controller coupled to the sensing array. The sensing array includes a plurality of sensors. Each sensor of the plurality of sensors is configured to generate a respective signal indicative of a strength of the electromagnetic field. The controller is configured to detect a presence of a metallic object, other than a receiving antenna of a power receiver, in the electromagnetic field based on the respective signal generated by one or more sensors of the plurality of sensors.

An audio system has an amplifier for driving an audio actuator and includes a switched-mode power supply that draws power from a power source (e.g., battery) to supply power to the amplifier, a capacitor charged by the switched-mode power supply to supply power to the amplifier, and a feed-forward compressor that performs dynamic range compression of an audio input to provide an audio output for amplification by the amplifier. The compressor includes a sidechain frequency-biasing filter that generates a frequency-biased version of the audio input that is attenuated as frequency increases which causes the compressor to decrease the compression as frequency increases. A control block limits current drawn from the battery by the switched-mode power supply independent of audio input frequency, but the frequency-biasing filter enables the amplifier to service audio power transients greater than the current-limited power supply can supply by advantageously concurrently sourcing extra power from the capacitor.

An audio system has an amplifier for driving an audio actuator and includes a switched-mode power supply that draws power from a power source (e.g., battery) to supply power to the amplifier, a capacitor charged by the switched-mode power supply to supply power to the amplifier, and a feed-forward compressor that performs dynamic range compression of an audio input to provide an audio output for amplification by the amplifier. The compressor includes a sidechain frequency-biasing filter that generates a frequency-biased version of the audio input that is attenuated as frequency increases which causes the compressor to decrease the compression as frequency increases. A control block limits current drawn from the battery by the switched-mode power supply independent of audio input frequency, but the frequency-biasing filter enables the amplifier to service audio power transients greater than the current-limited power supply can supply by advantageously concurrently sourcing extra power from the capacitor.

A Doherty power amplifier comprising: an input configured to receive an input signal to be amplified and to split the input signal into a first portion and a second portion, the input signal having an operating frequency; a carrier amplifier path coupled to the input to receive the first portion, the carrier amplifier path including a carrier amplifier coupled to a differential inverter, the carrier amplifier being configured to amplify the first portion and provide an amplified first portion to the differential inverter, the differential inverter having a capacitance configured to make the differential inverter behave as a short circuit at odd harmonics of the operating frequency, the capacitance coupling a first path and a second path of the differential inverter in parallel; and a peaking amplifier path coupled to the input to receive the second portion and comprising a peaking amplifier configured to amplify the second portion.

Disclosed is a system and method to improve the extraction of transistor and OLED parameters in an AMOLED display for compensation of programming voltages to improve image quality. A pixel circuit includes an organic light emitting device, a drive device to provide a programmable drive current to the light emitting device, a programming input to provide the programming signal, and a storage device to store the programming signal. A charge-pump amplifier has a current input and a voltage output. The charge-pump amplifier includes an operational amplifier in negative feedback configuration. The feedback is provided by a capacitor connected between the output and the inverting input of the operational amplifier. A common-mode voltage source drives the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier. An electronic switch is coupled across the capacitor to reset the capacitor. A switch module including the input is coupled to the output of the pixel circuit and an output is coupled to the input of the charge-pump amplifier. The switch module includes a set of electronic switches that may be controlled by external control signals to steer current in and out of the pixel circuit and provide a discharge path between the pixel circuit and the charge-pump amplifier and isolating the charge-pump amplifier from the pixel circuit. A controller is coupled to the pixel circuit, charge-pump amplifier and the switch module. The controller controls input signals to the pixel circuit, charge-pump amplifier and switch module in a predetermined sequence to produce an output voltage value which is a function of a parameter of the pixel circuit. The sequence includes providing a program voltage to the programming input to either pre-charge an internal capacitance of the pixel circuit to a charge level and transfer the charge to the charge-pump amplifier via the switch module to generate the output voltage value or provide a current from the pixel circuit to the charge-pump amplifier via the switch module to produce the output voltage value by integration over a certain period of time.

An outphasing amplifier includes a first class-E power amplifier having an output coupled to a first conductor and an input receiving a first RF drive signal. A first reactive element is coupled between the first conductor and a second conductor. A second reactive element is coupled between the second conductor and a third conductor. A second class-E power amplifier includes an output coupled to a fourth conductor and an input coupled to a second RF drive signal, a third reactive element coupled between the second and fourth conductors. Outputs of the first and second power amplifiers are combined by the first, second and third reactive elements to produce an output current in a load. An efficiency enhancement circuit is coupled between the first and fourth conductors to improve power efficiency at back-off power levels. Power enhancement circuits are coupled to the first and fourth conductors, respectively.

An outphasing amplifier includes a first class-E power amplifier having an output coupled to a first conductor and an input receiving a first RF drive signal. A first reactive element is coupled between the first conductor and a second conductor. A second reactive element is coupled between the second conductor and a third conductor. A second class-E power amplifier includes an output coupled to a fourth conductor and an input coupled to a second RF drive signal, a third reactive element coupled between the second and fourth conductors. Outputs of the first and second power amplifiers are combined by the first, second and third reactive elements to produce an output current in a load. An efficiency enhancement circuit is coupled between the first and fourth conductors to improve power efficiency at back-off power levels. Power enhancement circuits are coupled to the first and fourth conductors, respectively.

Systems and method for improving operation of a radio frequency system are provided. One embodiment includes a switching power amplifier that outputs an amplified analog electrical signal based on an input electrical signal and voltage of an envelope voltage supply rail. The switching power amplifier includes a first transistor with a gate that receives the input electrical signal, a source electrically coupled to the envelope voltage supply rail, and a drain electrically coupled to an output of the switching power amplifier; a second transistor with a gate that receives the input electrical signal, a source electrically coupled to ground, and a drain electrically coupled to the output; and a third transistor with a gate that receives the input electrical signal, a drain electrically coupled to the envelope voltage supply rail, and a source electrically coupled to an output of another switching power amplifier.