A logic gate device comprising a probe structure having an interface contact, a first logic input for receiving a first light pulse having a first carrier-envelope phase that encodes an input state of the first logic input and a second logic input for receiving a second light pulse having a second carrier-envelope phase that encodes an input state of the second logic input. The probe structure is arranged to be irradiated by the first light pulse to generate a first current component within the probe structure that depends on the first carrier-envelope phase and to be irradiated by the second light pulse to generate a second current component within the probe structure that depends on the second carrier-envelope phase. The interface contact is arranged to output a sum current that comprises the first and second current component, wherein the sum current encodes a logic output state of a logic output.

A control circuit for an electronic switch includes a first power switch receiving a common input signal and a first voltage input and a second power switch receiving the common input signal and a second voltage input. The first and second power switches switchably connect the first voltage input and the second voltage input, respectively, to a common output in response to the common input signal. The second voltage input is opposite in polarity to the first voltage input, and the first power switch and the second power switch are configured to asynchronously connect the first voltage input and the second voltage input, respectively, to the common output in response to the common input signal, the electronic switch being switched according to the first voltage input or the second voltage input being connected to the common output.

A signal isolation system includes an external device; and a signal isolation circuit, coupled to the external device, including a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device; a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit.

In a switching device and a system for converting a differential input signal into a ground-referenced output signal using a control signal, error states are detected, and detected error states lead to the deactivation of the ground-referenced output signal and are indicated on the control signal in addition.

In a switching device and a system for converting a differential input signal into a ground-referenced output signal using a control signal, error states are detected, and detected error states lead to the deactivation of the ground-referenced output signal and are indicated on the control signal in addition.

A driver circuit includes digital inputs, such as a first digital input and a second digital input. The digital inputs receive voltages at either a digital high-voltage or a digital low-voltage. The driver circuit has a clock input, an analog output, a first differential pair of transistors connected to the analog output, second differential pairs of transistors connected to the analog output, and voltage limiters connected to the clock input and the second differential pairs of transistors. The voltage limiters supply different voltages to the second differential pairs of transistors, which results in the second differential pairs of transistors providing analog signals to the analog output that are at different voltage steps at, and between, the digital high-voltage and the digital low-voltage.

A driver circuit includes digital inputs, such as a first digital input and a second digital input. The digital inputs receive voltages at either a digital high-voltage or a digital low-voltage. The driver circuit has a clock input, an analog output, a first differential pair of transistors connected to the analog output, second differential pairs of transistors connected to the analog output, and voltage limiters connected to the clock input and the second differential pairs of transistors. The voltage limiters supply different voltages to the second differential pairs of transistors, which results in the second differential pairs of transistors providing analog signals to the analog output that are at different voltage steps at, and between, the digital high-voltage and the digital low-voltage.

A signal isolation system includes an external device; and a signal isolation circuit, coupled to the external device, including a control circuit, configured to operate the signal isolation circuit in an input mode or an output mode according to a status of the external device; a digital input/output circuit, configured to input/output signal based on the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit; and an input/output port, coupled to the digital input/output circuit, configured to be an input port or an output port according to the input mode or the output mode determined by the control circuit.

For a single input/output circuit, changing an input/output form is enabled by a simple configuration. In the input/output circuit, a circuit section includes power supply terminals and ground terminals. A switching section is switchable between a first state in which a power supply line and a ground line are coupled to one of the power supply terminals and one of the ground terminals and a second state in which the power supply line and the ground line are coupled to the other one of the power supply terminals and the other one of the ground terminals. The circuit section operates as a circuit corresponding to one of an open collector output and an open emitter output in the first state and operates as a circuit corresponding to the other one of the open collector output and the open emitter output in the second state.

Exemplary embodiments are directed to modular wiring interface boards for an actuator, the interface boards including a body, electrical terminals configured to receive a signal from a field control device, electrical contacts configured to be placed in electrical communication with a backplane electrically communicating with an actuator, switching mechanisms, and a processor. Each of the switching mechanisms is positionable in a first position and a second position. The processor reconfigures a wiring configuration of the plurality of electrical terminals to accommodate different field control devices based on the positions of the plurality of switching mechanisms. Modular wiring systems for an actuator and methods of operating an actuator are also provided.