A decoding method for low density parity code is provided. The method includes performing an iterative decoding operation for a codeword, wherein a plurality of Log-Likelihood-Ratios correspond respectively to a plurality of data bits of the codeword; determining whether the iterative decoding operation is successful; determining whether a perturbation condition is met if the iterative decoding operation is not successful; performing protect operation for a first Log-Likelihood-Ratio among the Log-Likelihood-Ratios, and performing a perturbation operation for a plurality of second Log-Likelihood-Ratios among the Log-Likelihood-Ratios, wherein the second Log-Likelihood-Ratios are different to the first Log-Likelihood-Ratio; and re-performing the iterative decoding operation for the codeword after finishing the perturbation operation.

Systems and methods are provided for decoding data read from non-volatile storage devices. A method that may include decoding a first codeword read from a storage location of a non-volatile storage device using a first decoder without soft information, determining that the first decoder has failed to decode the first codeword, decoding the first codeword using a second decoder without soft information, determining that the second decoder has succeeded in decoding the first codeword, generating soft information associated with the storage location using decoding information generated by the second decoder and decoding a subsequent codeword from the storage location using the soft information associated with the storage location. The second decoder may be more powerful than the first decoder.

A flash memory system may include a flash memory and a circuit for decoding a result of a read operation on the flash memory using a first codeword. The circuit may be configured to generate an estimated codeword based on a result of hard decoding the first codeword and a result of hard decoding a second codeword. The circuit may be further configured to generate soft information based on the hard decoding result of the first codeword and the estimated codeword. The circuit may be further configured to decode the result of the read operation on the flash memory using the soft information.

Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for fast decoding a linear code based on soft decision. The method may comprise sorting received signals in a magnitude order to obtain sorted signals; obtaining hard decision signals by performing hard decision on the sorted signals; obtaining upper signals corresponding to MRBs from the hard decision signals; obtaining a permuted and corrected codeword candidate using the upper signals and an error vector according to a current order; calculating a cost for the current order using a cost function; determining the permuted and corrected codeword candidate as a permuted and corrected codeword according to a result of comparing the calculated cost with a minimum cost; and determining a predefined speeding condition.

A polar decoder circuit can execute successive cancellation list polar decoding on multiple threads concurrently. An LLR update engine of the polar decoder circuit and a sort engine of the polar decoder circuit can operate concurrently, with the LLR update engine computing updated path metrics for one codeword while the sort engine sorts candidates for one or more other codewords according to path metrics already computed by the LLR update engine. Threads corresponding to different codewords can cycle sequentially between the LLR update engine and the sort engine.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media of enhanced decoding for polarization code. The method includes determining a likelihood sequence associated with a signal sequence received from a second device via a communication channel between the second device and the first device; generating a set of candidate sequences of the signal by processing the likelihood sequence with a first operation; determining a reference sequence by processing the likelihood sequence with a second operation different from the first operation; and determining a target sequence of the signal from the set of candidate sequences at least partially based on the reference sequence. In this way, the decoding at receiver side can be enhanced to less rely on CRC during decoding. This could dramatically improve the overall performance of the channel.

Systems and methods are provided for decoding data read from non-volatile storage devices. A method that may include decoding a first codeword read from a storage location of a non-volatile storage device using a first decoder without soft information, determining that the first decoder has failed to decode the first codeword, decoding the first codeword using a second decoder without soft information, determining that the second decoder has succeeded in decoding the first codeword, generating soft information associated with the storage location using decoding information generated by the second decoder and decoding a subsequent codeword from the storage location using the soft information associated with the storage location. The second decoder may be more powerful than the first decoder.

The present application concerns an iterative bit-flipping decoding method using symbol or bit reliabilities, which is a variation of GRAND decoding and is denoted by ordered reliability bits GRAND (ORBGRAND). It comprises receiving a plurality of demodulated symbols from a noisy transmission channel; and receiving for the plurality of demodulated symbols, information indicating a ranked order of reliability of at least the most unreliable information contained within the plurality of demodulated symbols. A sequence of putative noise patterns from a most likely pattern of noise affecting the plurality of symbols through one or more successively less likely noise patterns is provided. Responsive to the information contained within the plurality of symbols not corresponding with an element of a code-book comprising a set of valid codewords, a first in the sequence of putative noise patterns is used to invert the most unreliable information of the information contained within the plurality of symbols to obtain a potential codeword, and responsive to the potential codeword not corresponding with an element of the code-book, repeatedly: a next likely noise pattern from the sequence of putative noise patterns is applied to invert a noise effect on the received plurality of demodulated symbols to provide a potential codeword, each successive noise pattern indicating an inversion of information for one or more demodulated symbols for a next more reliable combination of information contained within the plurality of symbols, until the potential codeword corresponds with an element of the code-book.

The present disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5.sup.th-Generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. Further, the present disclosure relates to decoding of a turbo code in a communication system including long term evolution (LTE), and to efficiently implement a method, procedure, and device for receiving and decoding a signal transmitted in a mobile communication system.

Systems and methods for correcting corrupted network packets are provided. An example method includes receiving a network packet via a communication channel. The network packet includes a payload and a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) associated with the payload. The method continues with calculating a reference CRC based on the received payload and determining, based on the reference CRC and the received CRC, whether the network packet is corrupted. Based on the determination that the network packet is corrupted, the method continues with selecting a predetermined number of positions of bits in the payload of the network packet, precalculating a set of additional CRCs, and determining, based on the reference CRC and the set of additional CRCs, a combination of bit flips at the predetermined number of positions. The method also includes modifying the payload according to the combination of bit flips at the predetermined number of positions.