A VXLAN access authentication method includes: An authentication point device receives a VXLAN authentication packet, where the VXLAN authentication packet is a VXLAN packet. The VXLAN authentication packet includes a VXLAN header and an authentication request sent by a terminal, the VXLAN header includes a first VNI, and the authentication request includes an authentication credential. The authentication point device obtains permission of the terminal or a second VNI based on the authentication credential. The permission of the terminal corresponds to the second VNI. The authentication point device sends the permission of the terminal or the second VNI to a control point device, where the control point device is a device that encapsulates the authentication request into the VXLAN authentication packet. In this application, VXLAN access authentication is performed on an overlay network, so that configuration complexity can be reduced when a VXLAN access authentication mode is modified or created.

A tunnel connection is enabled between a user terminal and a service provider using a simpler network configuration. A communication system 10 includes a user terminal 20, a service provider 30, a carrier network 40 that connects the user terminal 20 and the service provider 30 to each other, and a network control device 50 that controls the carrier network 40. The network control device 50 sets respective virtual tunnel end points (VTEPs) for a POI terminal 46 that is on the carrier network 40 and that is connected to the service provider 30 and for the user terminal 20, and sets a virtual tunnel between the virtual tunnel end points. The user terminal 20 communicates with the service provider 30 via the virtual tunnel.

Embodiments of this application describe an in-situ flow detection-based packet processing method. After receiving a first packet encapsulated by using a first bearer protocol, a first node may obtain, based on the first packet, a second packet encapsulated by using a second bearer protocol. A first packet header of the first packet includes first in-situ flow detection information, and a packet header of the second packet also includes the first in-situ flow detection information. It can be learned that, when re-encapsulating the first packet by using the second bearer protocol, the first node does not remove the first in-situ flow detection information, but adds the first in-situ flow detection information to the packet encapsulated by using the second bearer protocol. Therefore, even if the first bearer protocol and the second bearer protocol are deployed in a detection domain, the first in-situ flow detection information is not removed due to re-encapsulation of the packet, and may be transmitted across the entire detection domain.

Systems, methods, and devices for improved routing operations in a network computing environment. A system includes a virtual customer edge router and a host routed overlay comprising a plurality of host virtual machines. The system includes a routed uplink from the virtual customer edge router to one or more of the plurality of leaf nodes. The system is such that the virtual customer edge router is configured to provide localized integrated routing and bridging (IRB) service for the plurality of host virtual machines of the host routed overlay.

A provider edge (PE) device may receive traffic associated with one or more services, wherein the traffic includes a plurality of packets, and may determine, based on the plurality of packets, one or more packets respectively associated with each service of the one or more services. The PE device may determine, based on the one or more packets respectively associated with each service of the one or more services, a respective status of each of the one or more services. The PE device may generate type-length-value (TLV) data that indicates the respective status of each of the one or more services and may cause the TLV data to be added to a link layer discovery protocol (LLDP) packet. The PE device may send the LLDP packet that includes the added TLV data to a customer edge (CE) device.

This disclosure describes various methods, systems, and devices related to mirrored traffic forwarding in a hybrid network. An example method includes receiving, from a source forwarder in a source network, a mirrored data packet. A session of the mirrored data packet may be identified based on a header of the mirrored data packet. A destination forwarder in a destination network may be identified based on the session. The destination network may be different than the source network. The mirrored data packet may be forwarded to the destination forwarder.

A novel design of a gateway that handles traffic in and out of a network by using a datapath pipeline is provided. The datapath pipeline includes multiple stages for performing various data-plane packet-processing operations at the edge of the network. The processing stages include centralized routing stages and distributed routing stages. The processing stages can include service-providing stages such as NAT and firewall. The gateway caches the result previous packet operations and reapplies the result to subsequent packets that meet certain criteria. For packets that do not have applicable or valid result from previous packet processing operations, the gateway datapath daemon executes the pipelined packet processing stages and records a set of data from each stage of the pipeline and synthesizes those data into a cache entry for subsequent packets.

A packet forwarding method and a network device are provided, and the method is applied to the network device. The network device includes a first virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) table and a second VRF table. The method includes: the network device receives a first packet. If the first packet carries tunnel attribute information, the network device forwards the first packet based on the first VRF table. The first VRF table includes one or more local routes, and next-hop outbound interfaces of the one or more local routes are all local outbound interfaces. The network device forwards the first packet based on the first VRF table, so that a packet from a tunnel may be forwarded to a local virtual machine for processing and may not be forwarded to another tunnel endpoint device, to avoid a routing loop during packet forwarding.

Techniques described herein provide for fast updating of a forwarding table in a single active multihoming configuration. A first network device that is not connected to an ethernet segment (ES), receives a plurality of ethernet segment (ES) routes (e.g., EVPN type-4 routes) from a plurality of network devices that are connected to a host via the ES. When connectivity is lost to the on a designated forwarded for the ES, t the first network device performed a designated forwarding election algorithm based on the plurality of the received ES routes, to identify that a second network device of the plurality of network devices is designated as a new forwarding device. The first network device modifies an entry in a forwarding table to indicate that the host is now reachable via the second network device.

A method for creating overlay networking constructs to establish network connectivity between virtual routers and remote physical gateways is provided. An orchestrator receives a mapping between tenant network identifiers for multiple tenant networks and overlay network identifiers for multiple overlay networks. The orchestrator attaches a virtual router to a parent logical port of an overlay logical switch for connectivity between a physical gateway and the multiple tenant networks. The orchestrator creates multiple child logical ports that are sub-interfaces of the parent logical port. Each child logical port is uniquely identified by a tenant network identifier. The orchestrator connects multiple child logical switches to the multiple child logical ports according to the received mapping. Each child logical switch is uniquely identified by an overlay network identifier. The orchestrator establishes multiple overlay networks based on the child logical switches to tunnel data between the physical gateway and the child logical ports.