A transmitting apparatus is disclosed. The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder to perform channel encoding with respect to bits and generate a codeword, an interleaver to interleave the codeword, and a modulator to map the interleaved codeword onto a non-uniform constellation according to a modulation scheme, and the constellation may include constellation points defined based on various tables according to the modulation scheme.

A transmitting apparatus is disclosed. The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder to perform channel encoding with respect to bits and generate a codeword, an interleaver to interleave the codeword, and a modulator to map the interleaved codeword onto a non-uniform constellation according to a modulation scheme, and the constellation may include constellation points defined based on various tables according to the modulation scheme.

A transmitting apparatus is disclosed. The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder to perform channel encoding with respect to bits and generate a codeword, an interleaver to interleave the codeword, and a modulator to map the interleaved codeword onto a non-uniform constellation according to a modulation scheme, and the constellation may include constellation points defined based on various tables according to the modulation scheme.

A transmitting apparatus is disclosed. The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder to perform channel encoding with respect to bits and generate a codeword, an interleaver to interleave the codeword, and a modulator to map the interleaved codeword onto a non-uniform constellation according to a modulation scheme, and the constellation may include constellation points defined based on various tables according to the modulation scheme.

A transmitting apparatus is disclosed. The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder to perform channel encoding with respect to bits and generate a codeword, an interleaver to interleave the codeword, and a modulator to map the interleaved codeword onto a non-uniform constellation according to a modulation scheme, and the constellation may include constellation points defined based on various tables according to the modulation scheme.

A technique for performing data modulation is described. As to a method aspect of the technique, n bits of data are mapped to one modulation symbol (502) out of a modulation alphabet comprising 2.sup.n modulation symbols (502). The modulation alphabet corresponds to a finite subset of a hexagonal lattice in a constellation plane (500) spanned by an in-phase value (506) and a quadrature value (508) of a signal. All modulation symbols (502) are spaced apart in the constellation plane (500) from a direct current, DC, component corresponding to zero in-phase value and zero quadrature value. The signal corresponding to the mapped modulation symbol (502) is output.

A method by which a base station transmits a reference signal in a wireless communication system can comprise the steps of: transmitting, to a terminal, information on a modulation method of a reference signal for estimating a phase difference between symbols in a time domain; and transmitting, to the terminal, the reference signal, for estimating the phase difference between the symbols, to which the modulation method is applied.

A technique for performing data modulation is described. As to a method aspect of the technique, n bits of data are mapped to one modulation symbol (502) out of a modulation alphabet comprising 2.sup.n modulation symbols (502). The modulation alphabet corresponds to a finite subset of a hexagonal lattice in a constellation plane (500) spanned by an in-phase value (506) and a quadrature value (508) of a signal. All modulation symbols (502) are spaced apart in the constellation plane (500) from a direct current, DC, component corresponding to zero in-phase value and zero quadrature value. The signal corresponding to the mapped modulation symbol (502) is output.

A method by which a base station transmits a reference signal in a wireless communication system can comprise the steps of: transmitting, to a terminal, information on a modulation method of a reference signal for estimating a phase difference between symbols in a time domain; and transmitting, to the terminal, the reference signal, for estimating the phase difference between the symbols, to which the modulation method is applied.

A transmitting apparatus is disclosed. The transmitting apparatus includes an encoder to perform channel encoding with respect to bits and generate a codeword, an interleaver to interleave the codeword, and a modulator to map the interleaved codeword onto a non-uniform constellation according to a modulation scheme, and the constellation may include constellation points defined based on various tables according to the modulation scheme.