Communication devices, communication systems and communication methods that implement transmission lane information are disclosed. In one example, circuitry is configured to receive transmission lane information from each of a plurality of reception lanes and to generate physical lane correspondence information based on the received transmission lane information, wherein the transmission lane information identifies a plurality of transmission lanes of a device that transmitted the transmission lane information. The physical lane correspondence information indicates a correspondence relationship between the plurality of transmission lanes and the plurality of reception lanes.

A transmitting system includes a variable-length packet multiplexing apparatus and a transmission slotting apparatus. The variable-length packet multiplexing apparatus generates a variable-length packet. The transmission slotting apparatus stores the variable-length packet in slots forming transmission main signals. The transmission slotting apparatus includes a capacity calculator, an extractor, a remainder calculator, a selector, and a slot information multiplexer. The capacity calculator calculates a data capacity of the transmission main signals for one frame. The extractor extracts a byte number of the variable-length packet. The remainder calculator calculates a remaining capacity of the transmission main signals. The selector stores a predetermined data sequence in a region left in the slots, and outputs the slots storing the data sequence. The slot information multiplexer multiplexes slot information and the slots output by the selector.

A transceiver includes a transmitter which transmits clock-embedded data through a line, where the clock-embedded data includes a clock training pattern, a start pattern, an encoded payload, and an end pattern, and a receiver which receives the clock-embedded data through the line, detects a clock embedding-related error from the clock-embedded data, and outputs an error flag corresponding to the clock embedding-related error to the transmitter.

[Object] To provide innovation with respect to which synchronization signal a communication device uses to conduct a synchronization process. [Solution] Provided is a communication device including: a selection unit configured to select a synchronization signal from respective synchronization signals received from two or more other devices on a basis of origin information that is acquired by communication with another device and that indicates an origin of a synchronization signal used for acquisition of synchronization timing in the other device; and a synchronization processing unit configured to acquire synchronization timing using the synchronization signal selected by the selection unit.

A clock data recovery circuit includes the following elements: a phase detector for outputting a phase adjustment signal by comparing a clock signal of a first node and an input signal; a charge pump for adjusting a charge amount of a second node according to the phase adjustment signal; a first switch including one end coupled to the second node and including another end coupled to a third node; a second switch including one end which receives a bias voltage and including another end coupled to the third node; a capacitor including a first electrode coupled to the third node; third switches; and voltage control oscillators including control terminals coupled to the third node and including output terminals coupled to the first node through the third switches.

The present disclosure relates to the field of synchronising a radio frequency (RF) communication system based on the repeated transmission of data at the transmitter and the use of a method for the time synchronous averaging of this data at the receiver. The proposed communication technique uses the fact that the data signal is periodically repeated, without requiring the use of synchronisation data external to the data to be communicated. It enables phase and frequency synchronisation to be maintained when the received signals are very noisy, and even when they have a signal-to-noise ratio of less than 1 or even a negative signal-to-noise ratio (in dB). A significant improvement in the processing gain of the method for time synchronous averaging is advantageously achieved.

High-speed communication links with self-aligned scrambling on a communication link that sends scrambled signals may include a slave device that may self-align by initially detecting an unscrambled preamble symbol and more particularly detect an edge of the unscrambled preamble symbol. Based on the detected edge, a fine alignment adjustment may be made by testing subsequent scrambled data for a repeated pattern such as an IDLE symbol by comparing the repeated pattern to a candidate scrambled sequence that has been received through the communication link. The comparison may use an exclusive OR (XOR) circuit on some bits to derive a scrambler seed that is used to test for a match for the remaining bits. If there is a match, the scrambler seed and frame alignment have been detected and alignment is achieved.

An integrated receiver supports adaptive receive equalization. An incoming bit stream is sampled using edge and data clock signals derived from a reference clock signal. A phase detector determines whether the edge and data clock signals are in phase with the incoming data, while some clock recovery circuitry adjusts the edge and data clock signals as required to match their phases to the incoming data. The receiver employs the edge and data samples used to recover the edge and data clock signals to note the locations of zero crossings for one or more selected data patterns. The pattern or patterns may be selected from among those apt to produce the greatest timing error. Equalization settings may then be adjusted to align the zero crossings of the selected data patterns with the recovered edge clock signal.

A communication method determination apparatus includes a comparison unit and an instruction unit. The comparison unit obtains a bit string of a portion of a physical header for synchronization from a wireless frame that includes the physical header for synchronization in which information for synchronization in a physical layer is set and a physical data portion in which data of a higher-level layer than the physical layer is set, and compares the obtained bit string with a bit string pattern specific to a communication method targeted for determination. The instruction unit performs communication method determination processing for determining whether or not the communication method targeted for determination is used for the wireless frame, based on a result of comparison. If it is determined that the communication method targeted for determination is not used for the wireless frame, the instruction unit changes the communication method targeted for determination, instructs the comparison unit to newly obtain a bit string of a portion that follows the obtained bit string, from the physical header for synchronization, and to compare the newly obtained bit string with a bit string pattern specific to the post-change communication method targeted for determination, and performs the communication method determination processing again.

A communication apparatus is provided and receives a communication packet, acquires a timestamp of a reception of the communication packet, analyzes a type of the received communication packet, transfers the received communication packet to a predetermined memory based on information indicating an analyzed type of the communication packet, and associates the analyzed type of the communication packet with the acquired timestamp.