A method of handling interworking from 5G system (5GS) to 2/3G for an PDU session with a 3GPP EPS PDN leg is proposed. Upon intersystem change from S1 mode to A/Gb mode or Iu mode, for a PDN connection which was established as a user plane resource of an MA PDU session: if the SM activates a PDP context using parameters from the default EPS bearer context of the PDN connection, then the SMF can initiate a network-requested PDU session release procedure over non-3GPP access or perform a local release of the MA PDU session; the UE can perform a local release of the MA PDU session. Otherwise, the SMF can initiate a network-requested PDU session modification procedure over 5G non-3GPP access to move traffic of the MA PDU session to 5G non-3GPP access, or initiate a network-requested PDU session release procedure over non-3GPP access.

A method of handling multi-access (MA) Protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment procedure for adding a 3GPP PDN leg to an MA PDU session already established with a non-3GPP leg is proposed. In one novel aspect, for a 5GS MA PDU session already established on non-3GPP access, upon receipt of an ACTIVATE DEFAULT EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST message for establishing a PDN connection as a user-plane resource for the MA PDU session over 3GPP access, the UE sends an ACTIVATE DEFAULT EPS BEARER CONTEXT REJECT message if any value of at least one of the critical parameters, including the PDN type, ESM cause, PDN address, S-NSSAI, SSC mode (set to SSC mode 1), and APN IEs in the ACTIVATE DEFAULT EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST message does not match/sync/compatible to the corresponding stored value of the MA PDU session with a non-3GPP leg.

Some aspects of this disclosure relate to apparatuses and methods for communicating in a first radio access technology (RAT) and a second RAT. A user equipment (UE) can receive, from a first base station using the first RAT, first configuration information for the UE to communicate with a second base station via the second RAT; and receive, from the first base station using the first RAT, a downlink message to enable a communication link between the UE and the second base station via the second RAT. The downlink message includes second configuration information for the UE to communicate with the second base station via the second RAT. The UE can establish the communication link between the UE and the second base station using the second RAT based on a link configuration obtained from the first configuration information and the second configuration information.

A handover method and a communication apparatus are provided. The method includes: After sending a handover command to a terminal device, a source network device sends, to a target network device, at least one data packet that is not successfully received by the terminal device, so that after the terminal device accesses the target network device, the target network device sends, to the terminal device, the at least one data packet received from the source network device. Because the data packet forwarded by the source network device to the target network device includes a data packet on which the source network device has performed PDCP processing and for which no acknowledgment response from the terminal device is preceived, a data loss of the terminal device in an inter-system handover process can be effectively avoided.

This application provides a method for signal reception and transmission in a measurement gap. User equipment (UE) obtains, in dual connectivity, a measurement configuration delivered by a base station, and determines a first cell group in which signal reception and transmission can be performed in the measurement gap; performs signal reception and transmission with the base station in the first cell group in the measurement gap; and performs inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurement in a second cell group. The second cell group is a cell group in which signal reception or transmission cannot be performed in the measurement gap. In the measurement gap, the base station and the UE can still receive and transmit signals in the first cell group, and radio frequency channels of the UE that support signal reception and transmission in the measurement gap can be fully used for performing signal reception and transmission.

A communication method, a communication apparatus, a communication device, and a storage medium are provided. The communication method includes: receiving a forwarding initiation message sent by a second communication node, where the forwarding initiation message carries a new forwarding address; and initiating a new forwarding process according to the new forwarding address in the forwarding initiation message.

Systems and methods are provided for optimizing use of wireless communication technologies for a UE. The method can include determining that the UE has established a first wireless communication link to a first node that can use both a first and a second wireless communication protocol, then determining whether, prior to connecting to the first node, the UE was previously connected to a second node that only utilizes the first wireless communication protocol (e.g., standalone 5G). If the UE was previously connected to the second node and moved to the first node because of fallback or handover procedures, a second communication link is established between the UE and the second node without analyzing single information corresponding to the UE.

Embodiments of this application provide a multi-access connectivity establishment method. The method includes: determining, based on a terminal identifier of a terminal device, a first connection that is of the terminal device and that is associated with a first access technology; and establishing, for the first connection, a user plane resource associated with a second access technology, so that the terminal device that does not support NAS transfer on a first access technology side can steer a data packet of multi-access connectivity by using the first access technology and the second access technology, so that transmission bandwidth is increased for the terminal device and service continuity during handover is improved.

Described are a method and apparatus for controlling the power consumption of a terminal, and a storage medium. The method includes: recording the number of times a connection between a terminal and an auxiliary cell group fails, and where the number of times is greater than a preset threshold value, controlling, on the basis of a power consumption adjustment policy, the terminal to disable a dual-connection mode, wherein the terminal can support the dual-connection mode, and in the dual-connection mode, the terminal communicates with both a first base station and a second base station, the second base station being an auxiliary base station, and the auxiliary cell group being a group of serving cells associated with the auxiliary base station.

A method disclosed herein includes registering, by a User Equipment (UE), with a primary cell of a first Radio Access Technology (RAT) after terminating at least one communication service initiated in a second RAT, and initiating, by the UE, Inter-Radio Access Technology (IRAT) measurement of a secondary cell before receiving a reconfiguration message from the primary cell in response to the registering, the secondary cell being associated with the primary cell.