A workstation for a film-processing packaging machine defines a film transport plane in which the packaging film can be transported. In addition, the workstation comprises an electrically operable heating assembly. The latter in turn comprises an electrically conductive planar resistance heating element which in a plane parallel to the film transport plane has dimensions that are greater by a factor of at least 5, preferably at least 10, than in a direction perpendicular to the film transport plane. The resistance heating element is arranged between a heating plate and a clamping plate. The disclosure also relates to a packaging machine with such a workstation and to a method for operating such a workstation.

A heating element (18) for a heating element carrier (10) of an electrically operated heat gun (100). The heating element carrier (10) is designed to receive the heating elements (18). The heating elements comprise a resistance wire (34) with a cross-sectional surface A and a cross-sectional perimeter U, where (4πA)U2<1.

A cable cap for a heating cable, and a heating cable assembly including a heating cable and a cable cap, in which the cable cap includes a power indicator that illuminates when sufficient power is supplied to the distal end of the heating cable. The indicator gives an installer or a user an indication that the heating cable is functioning properly the entire length of the heating cable. The cable cap may further include a connection feature, such as an aperture, that provides a connection point for a cable pulling device such as a fish tape.

A field-connectable cable cap for a heating cable in which the cable cap includes a power indicator that illuminates when sufficient power is supplied to the distal end of the heating cable. The indicator gives an installer or a user an indication that the heating cable is functioning properly the entire length of the heating cable. The cable cap may further include a connection feature, such as an aperture, that provides a connection point for a cable pulling device such as a fish tape.

A self-regulating electric heater cable includes a monolithic heater core of PTC material encapsulating a pair of bus wires, and a conductive layer disposed on an outer surface of the heater core such that the conductive layer levels the voltage generated at the outer surface of the heater core when an electric current is passed through the bus wires. The conductive layer draws the current evenly through lobes of PTC material encapsulating the bus wires. The conductive layer may be a coating, such as a conductive ink or paint, or may be an extruded or wrapped material applied to the heater core. Standard heater cable layers are applied over the conductive layer, including an electrically insulating layer that contacts a portion of the conductive layer and also may be separated, at points, from the conductive layer by one or more air gaps.

A band heater assembly for heating an object includes a band heater that extends around at least a portion of a perimeter of the object. The band heater includes a cable and a band. The cable includes a resistive element, a first cable end and a second cable end. The resistive element generates thermal energy based on a current received from a power source. The first cable end and the second cable end are connected to respective ends of the band heater assembly. The band is connected to the cable and transfers a first portion of the thermal energy to an exterior surface of the object. At least a portion of the cable is exposed from the band heater to contact the exterior surface when the band heater assembly is connected to the object.

A system and method is disclosed. The method comprises a client device receiving a verification request comprising an interaction identifier. The client device can then query a full node for a random sampling of block headers from the full node. The client device can receive the random sampling of block headers from the full node, and verify the random sampling of block headers. The client device can then determine that the blockchain maintained by the full node is valid after verifying the random sampling of block headers.

A method for the production of filaments (A) capable of being thermoregulated includes the steps of: —feeding a material to be extruded and a pair of wires (B) in electrically conductive material to an extrusion head (1); —extruding the material to be extruded and, at the same time, promoting the escape of the pair of wires (B) from the extrusion head (1) in such a way that the material to be extruded winds the pair of wires (B); —during the extrusion, generating at least a coupling portion (Y) of the filament (A), wherein the pair of wires (B) is electrically connected.

An apparatus for receiving smokable material to enable at least one component of the smokable material to be volatilized is described. In an example, the apparatus comprises a housing having a first compartment and a second compartment. The first compartment is a heating compartment for receiving smokable material in use. The second compartment is an electronics compartment and containing at least one of control circuitry and a power source. The first compartment and the second compartment are substantially hermetically sealed from each other to minimize or prevent air or vapor flowing between the compartments.

A heater assembly with a pre-encapsulated heating element and a method of producing the pre-encapsulated heating element are provided. The heater assembly can include a channel defining an interior space and a pre-encapsulated heating element. The pre-encapsulated heating element can include a resistive heating element having a pre-encapsulated portion that is surrounded by a block of potting compound. The pre-encapsulated portion can be received with the interior space of the channel.