A glass plate includes a first surface provided with a first film; and a second surface provided with a second film and opposite to the first surface. Each of the first film and the second film includes mainly tin oxide and has a sheet resistance value of 20 Ω/□ or less. When film thicknesses of the first and second films are θ.sub.1 nm and θ.sub.2 nm respectively, and when, in the glass plate, a haze value measured from the first surface side for a configuration provided with the first film only is H.sub.1 (%), and a haze value measured from the second surface side for a configuration provided with the second film only is H.sub.2 (%), a value of θ.sub.1 divided by H.sub.1 is 500 or more but 1200 or less, and a value of θ.sub.2 divided by H.sub.2 is 300 or more but 750 or less.

Disclosed herein are a surface heater, an electric range having the same, and a manufacturing method thereof. The surface heater includes a substrate including a surface formed of an electrically insulating material, heating element attached to the surface of the substrate by sintering predetermined powder including lanthanide oxide powder, and a power supply unit configured to supply electricity to the heating element. The electric range includes the surface heater. The manufacturing method of the surface heater includes baking the predetermined powder at a baking temperature of 900° C. or lower.

The present invention relates to an article comprising at least one glass-ceramic substrate, in particular a plate, intended, for example, to cover or receive at least one heating element, said substrate exhibiting, in at least one zone, a surface roughness such that the characteristic dimensions of the patterns forming said roughness are between 2 and 100 μm. The present invention also relates to an advantageous process for producing said substrate.

An isothermal cooking plate assembly is formed from a first plate of high thermal conductivity material having a back surface and an oppositely disposed top cooking surface. One or more heater circuit assemblies are disposed on the first plate back surface for forming a composite having a back surface. A controller is in electrical connection with the heater circuit assemblies for controlling temperature of the first plate of high thermal conductivity material. The first plate can be Aluminum Type 1100 or Aluminum Type 6061. The first plate can be a laminate formed from a clad bottom metal layer and clad top cooking surface metal layer, where the clad layers formed from the same material and having about the same thickness. The clad material can be austenitic stainless steel. A second plate of low thermal conductivity material can be attached to the composite back surface of first plate.

A surface heater including a substrate, an insulating layer positioned on the substrate, and a heater layer positioned on the insulating layer, wherein the insulating layer and the heating layer are co-fired.

An apparatus including a surface heater, the surface heater including a substrate having a surface formed of an electrically insulating material, heating element attached to the surface of the substrate by sintering predetermined powder including lanthanide oxide powder, and a power supply unit configured to supply electricity to the heating element wherein a manufacturing method of the surface heater includes baking the predetermined powder at a baking temperature of 900 C. or lower.

A glass plate includes a first surface provided with a first film; and a second surface provided with a second film and opposite to the first surface. Each of the first film and the second film includes mainly tin oxide and has a sheet resistance value of 20 / or less. When film thicknesses of the first and second films are .sub.1 nm and .sub.2 nm respectively, and when, in the glass plate, a haze value measured from the first surface side for a configuration provided with the first film only is H.sub.1 (%), and a haze value measured from the second surface side for a configuration provided with the second film only is H.sub.2 (%), a value of .sub.1 divided by H.sub.1 is 500 or more but 1200 or less, and a value of .sub.2 divided by H.sub.2 is 300 or more but 750 or less.

An isothermal cooking plate assembly is formed from a first plate of high thermal conductivity material having a back surface and an oppositely disposed top cooking surface. One or more heater circuit assemblies are disposed on the first plate back surface for forming a composite having a back surface. A controller is in electrical connection with the heater circuit assemblies for controlling temperature of the first plate of high thermal conductivity material. The first plate can be Aluminum Type 1100 or Aluminum Type 6061. The first plate can be a laminate formed from a clad bottom metal layer and clad top cooking surface metal layer, where the clad layers formed from the same material and having about the same thickness. The clad material can be austenitic stainless steel. A second plate of low thermal conductivity material can be attached to the composite back surface of first plate.

The present disclosure relates to a kitchen appliance for heating foodstuffs with a wall. A heating conductor for heating foodstuffs is present in the wall. The wall comprises an outer first layer. A second layer of the wall is optionally located between the first layer and the heating conductor. The thermal conductivity of the second layer is greater than the thermal conductivity of the first layer. A first temperature sensor is present in the wall, which contacts the first layer. A second temperature sensor is present in the wall, which is optionally arranged separately from the first layer. It may be sufficient that the first temperature sensor has a large distance, and the second temperature sensor has a small distance to heating conductor tracks. The disclosure also relates to a method for manufacturing the kitchen appliance wherein the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are calibrated. By means of the kitchen appliance target temperatures can be set very precisely.

A cooktop for a fixed or mobile cooking appliance, including a base plate, at least a part, or all, of a peripheral outer edge of a window not being in the plane of a peripheral outer edge of the base plate, at least one end plate which is made of different material than that of a seal and is disposed above or on the seal, at least a part of an outer surface of the seal which is located between the outer surface of the base plate and the outer surface of the window being covered by the end plate.