A multilayer board includes thermoplastic resin layers laminated together, a first-class conductor pattern including a conductor foil on a first surface of one of the thermoplastic resin layers, a second-class conductor pattern in contact with a second surface of the one of the thermoplastic resin layers, and an interlayer connection conductor in the one of the thermoplastic resin layers and including a first end surface connected to the first-class conductor pattern and a second end surface connected to a second-class conductor pattern. The second-class conductor pattern and the first interlayer connection conductor include a conductor of a single material including a resin, or a conductor of a single material including a metal with a melting point lower than that of the conductor foil.

A filter circuit includes: a wiring pattern provided in an upper wiring layer of a printed circuit board, a wiring pattern provided in a lower wiring layer of the printed circuit board, a wiring pattern extending from one end of the wiring pattern, a wiring pattern provided so as to partially face the wiring pattern in the upper wiring layer, a bypass capacitor provided in the upper wiring layer and connected to the wiring pattern and a ground conductor surface, a via connecting one end of the wiring pattern and the wiring pattern, and a via connecting the wiring pattern and the wiring pattern. A structure including the wiring pattern, the via, and the wiring pattern faces a structure including the via and the wiring pattern.

Disclosed is a motor or generator comprises a rotor and a stator, wherein the rotor has an axis of rotation and is configured to generate first magnetic flux parallel to the axis of rotation, the stator is configured to generate second magnetic flux parallel to the axis of rotation, and at least one of the rotor or the stator is configured to generate a magnetic flux profile that is non-uniformly distributed about the axis of rotation. Also disclosed is a method that involves arranging one or more magnetic flux producing windings of a stator non-uniformly about an axis of rotation of a rotor of an axial flux motor or generator.

A PCB that constructs circuit traces, vias, and connection pads by filling recessed areas, grooves, holes, and/or counter bores with conductive material. The recessed areas are filled with conductive ink or plating solutions by a number of methods. Capillary action aids in the filling of the recessed areas. Pressure, vacuum and or gravity can aid the filling. Layers of the PCB or similar type devices can be bonded together both mechanically and electrically to accomplish 3D connections of circuits. Ground and power plane durability and conductivity is enhanced by the inclusion of small grooves over the conductive plane.

A method for manufacturing a flexible circuit board capable of transmitting high frequency signals with reduced attenuation includes providing an inner wiring board including a first conductive wiring layer and a first substrate layer, the first conductive wiring layer including a signal line and two ground lines on both sides of the signal line, the first substrate layer covering a side of the first conductive wiring layer and defining first through holes which expose the signal line; providing two copper clad laminates including a second substrate layer and a copper foil, the second substrate layer having second through hole aligned with the first through holes; laminating the two copper clad laminates onto two sides of the inner wiring board via two adhesive layers, each adhesive layer defining third through holes aligned with the first and second through holes; and forming a second conductive wiring layer from the copper foil.

A test board configured to test a device under test includes: a connection region including first and second connection terminals for contacting the device under test; and a first surface mount device located adjacent to the connection region, wherein the first connection terminal is configured to be electrically connected to a first voltage regulator of the device under test, wherein the second connection terminal is configured to be electrically connected to a second voltage regulator of the device under test, and wherein the first surface mount device is configured to be electrically connected to each of the first and second connection terminals.

Disclosed herein a thin film capacitor that includes a lower electrode layer, an upper electrode layer, and a dielectric layer disposed between the lower electrode layer and the upper electrode layer. The lower electrode layer includes a first metal layer positioned on a side facing the dielectric layer and a second metal layer positioned on a side facing away from the dielectric layer. The first metal layer has a first surface positioned on a side facing the second metal layer and a second surface positioned on a side facing the dielectric layer. The first surface has a surface roughness higher than that of the second surface. The second metal layer reflects a surface property of the first surface.

A circuit board having a plurality of conductive layers including a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer is provided. The circuit board includes a plurality of non-conductive layers in-between respective conductive layers of the plurality of conductive layers. The plurality of non-conductive layers include at least a first non-conductive layer disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. At least one collapsed stud bump extends at least partially through the first non-conductive layer to electrically couple the first conductive layer to the second conductive layer.

A circuit board includes a multilayer body including a main surface, a mounted conductor, and a signal conductor at an intermediate position in the lamination direction of the multilayer body, and a ground conductor on the main surface. The multilayer body includes a connection portion including a portion overlapping the mounted conductor and overlapping an external board joined via a conductive joint material through use of the mounted conductor, and a circuit portion. A first region, which is the region of a circuit portion of the ground conductor, includes opening holes and a second region, which is the region of a connection portion of the ground conductor, includes opening holes. The ratio of the opening area of the opening holes to that of the second region is larger than the ratio of the opening area of the opening holes to that of the first region.

Compositions and methods for aromatic polysulfone copolymers are described herein. The polysulfone copolymers have advantageous properties, particularly in terms of high glass transition temperatures (T.sub.g), improved thermal stability, improved flame resistance, good mechanical properties, chemical resistance and dimensional stability at elevated temperature. The polysulfone copolymers are suitable for manufacturing high temperature molded systems and other articles of manufacture via injection molding, extrusion, compression molding, coating, blow molding, thermoforming, rotational molding and additive manufacturing.