In an embodiment, a system includes a three-dimensional (3D) printer, a neutral feedstock, a p-doped feedstock, an n-doped feedstock, and a laser. The 3D printer includes a platen and an enclosure. The platen includes an inert metal. The enclosure includes an inert atmosphere. The neutral feedstock is configured to be deposited onto the platen. The neutral feedstock includes a halogenated solution and a nanoparticle having a negative electron affinity. The p-doped feedstock is configured to be deposited onto the platen. The p-doped feedstock includes a boronated compound introduced to the neutral feedstock. The n-doped feedstock is configured to be deposited onto the platen. The n-doped feedstock includes a phosphorous compound introduced to the neutral feedstock. The laser is configured to induce the nanoparticle to emit solvated electrons into the halogenated solution to form, by reduction, layers of a ceramic comprising a neutral layer, a p-doped layer, and an n-doped layer.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for producing a conductor. The method includes: applying a resin forming composition containing a polymerizable compound and a solvent on a substrate; polymerizing the polymerizable compound in the applied resin forming composition to form a resin structure that is porous on the substrate; and applying a conductor forming composition containing at least one selected from the group consisting of metal oxide particles and metal particles on the resin structure.

An apparatus is used in preparing a printed circuit board (PCB). The apparatus can include a common chassis, an inkjet printer mounted on the common chassis, and a pattern exposer mounted on the common chassis. The inkjet printer can selectively print unexposed photosensitive patterns on a PCB substrate with a photosensitive ink. The pattern exposer can expose said photosensitive patterns to radiation thereby defining exposed patterns. A photosensitive ink for use in an ink jet printer can include a photoresist, a solvent, a humectant, a surfactant, an adhesion promoter, and a basic solution. The adhesion promoter is operative to increase anisotropy of a wet etching process of a copper component on which said photosensitive ink is printed.

Graphene ink compositions comprising nitrocellulose and related methods of use comprising either thermal or photonic annealing.

A conductive ink is provided, which includes an ink solvent and a conductive composition dispersed in the ink solvent. The conductive composition includes a silver nanoparticle and a molecular chain of polyaniline formed on a surface of the silver nanoparticle. A method for preparing a conductive ink and a flexible display device are further provided. The conductive ink has good film forming property and good conductivity.

A circuit forming method, comprising: a coating step of applying a metal-containing liquid and a metal paste in an overlapping manner on a base, the metal-containing liquid containing fine metal particles and the metal paste containing a resin binder and metal particles larger than the fine metal particles in the metal-containing liquid; and a heating step of making the metal-containing liquid and the metal paste coated in the coating step conductive by heating the metal-containing liquid and the metal paste.

A method of forming a conductive pattern includes forming a conductive pattern by ejecting a liquid-state material containing conductive fine particles onto a porous base material, wherein the conductive fine particles have an average particle size of from 1 nm to 200 nm, and the porous base material is formed with a plurality of cavities and includes communication holes through which the plurality of cavities are in communication, an average diameter of the communication holes being less than or equal to the average particle size of the conductive fine particles.

A method to manufacture an article comprises applying an ink to a substrate. The ink includes a liquid vehicle, a plurality of solid metal particles, a plurality of gallium-containing particles, and a thermally activated flux. The method further comprises curing the ink by heating the substrate to within an activation temperature range of the flux. The article manufactured by this method comprises a substrate, an electronically conductive film arranged on the substrate, and an adherent barrier layer covering both the substrate and the film. The film includes a plurality of solid metal particles with a gallium-based liquid metal bridging the plurality of solid metal particles.

Provided is a conductive laminate including a base material and a conductive ink film provided on the base material, in which a region that extends from a first main surface toward a second main surface to a position being away from the first main surface by a distance equivalent to 50% of a thickness of the conductive ink film has a first void ratio of 15% to 50%, a region that extends from a position being away from the second main surface toward the first main surface by a distance equivalent to 10% of the thickness of the conductive ink film to the second main surface has a second void ratio which is smaller than the first void ratio, and the conductive ink film comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, platinum, nickel, palladium, and copper.

Laser jetting of droplets of a viscous material, such as an ink, is performed by coating a layer of ink on a mesh-like transport screen, with the ink being retained within spaces of the mesh-like transport screen. The ink-coated mesh-like transport screen is conveyed to a working area and a laser beam is used to heat the ink within the spaces of the mesh-like transport screen, thereby causing ink droplets to be jetted from the spaces of the mesh-like transport screen. Structures are formed on a receiving substrate arranged near the working area by jetting the ink droplets, either in an aggregation or sequentially, across a gap from the mesh-like transport screen to the receiving substrate and displacing the mesh-like transport screen and the laser beam relative to one another at times between the jetting of the droplets, or by directly printing ink droplets onto the receiving substrate.