The present invention relates to a light absorption layer for forming a photoelectric conversion element and an intermediate band solar cell excellent in quantum yield of two-step photon absorption, a photoelectric conversion element, and an intermediate band solar cell having the light absorption layer, the light absorption layer of the present invention containing a perovskite compound and a quantum dot having an upper end of a valence band at an energy level more negative than an upper end of a valence band of the perovskite compound, and having an intermediate band.

The present invention relates to a light absorption layer for forming a photoelectric conversion element and an intermediate band solar cell excellent in quantum yield of two-step photon absorption, a photoelectric conversion element, and an intermediate band solar cell having the light absorption layer, the light absorption layer of the present invention containing a perovskite compound and a quantum dot having an upper end of a valence band at an energy level more negative than an upper end of a valence band of the perovskite compound, and having an intermediate band.

The present invention provides a light absorption layer for forming a photoelectric conversion element and a solar cell excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency, a photoelectric conversion element and a solar cell having the light absorption layer, and a method for manufacturing a light absorption layer having few voids. The light absorption layer of the present invention contains a perovskite compound and a quantum dot containing an aliphatic amino acid.

The process comprises treating 90-190 g titanium (IV) chloride in 10-100 ml de-ionized water for preparing Titanium cation (Ti.sup.4+); treating 130-275 ml potassium persulfate in 10-100 ml double-distilled water and keeping at constant temperature to obtain sulphate/oxide; dipping substrates into titanium (IV) chloride solution and re-dipping in de-ionized water to remove loosely bonded ions, if could be any; dipping substrates into potassium persulfate solution and re-dipping in de-ionized water to remove loosely bonded ions, if could be any, and keeping at 50-90° C. for complete one cycle; treating obtained Titanium cation (Ti.sup.4+) with sulphate/oxide and obtaining whitish layer on the substrate surface by necked eyes after about 10-15 cycles, suggesting initiation of film formation, wherein the deposition thickness of TiO.sub.2 layer is increased from 0.3-2.0-micron on determined 5-50 deposition cycles; and rinsing deposited films with de-ionized water and air annealed at 400-600° C. temperature to obtain anatase TiO.sub.2.

A solar cell 100 includes a substrate 1, a first electrode 6, an electron transport layer 2, a first photoelectric conversion layer 3, and a coating layer 5. The first photoelectric conversion layer 3 is disposed between the first electrode 6 and the substrate 1. The substrate 1 has a first main surface and a second main surface, and the second main surface has an uneven structure. The electron transport layer 2 has a first main surface and a second main surface, and the first main surface and the second main surface each have an uneven structure. The first photoelectric conversion layer 3 has a first main surface and a second main surface. The second main surface of the substrate 1 faces the first main surface of the electron transport layer 2.

A display substrate and a display apparatus are provided. The display substrate includes: a display region and a non-display region, the non-display region including a fan-out region and a bending region; a plurality of sub-pixels located in the display region; a plurality of first data signal lines located in the display region and electrically connected with the plurality of sub-pixels; a plurality of fan-out wires located in the fan-out region; a plurality of second data signal lines located in the bending region; and a plurality of transfer lines located in the fan-out region and between the plurality of fan-out wires and the plurality of second data signal lines, wherein a ratio of a width of at least part of the plurality of transfer lines to a width of the plurality of fan-out wires is 0.5 to 5.5.

A method for preparing photoactive perovskite materials. The method comprises the step of preparing a germanium halide precursor ink. Preparing a germanium halide precursor ink comprises the steps of: introducing a germanium halide into a vessel, introducing a first solvent to the vessel, and contacting the germanium halide with the first solvent to dissolve the germanium halide. The method further comprises depositing the germanium halide precursor ink onto a substrate, drying the germanium halide precursor ink to form a thin film, annealing the thin film, and rinsing the thin film with a second solvent and a salt.

The present invention discloses an organic polymer having an asymmetric structure, a preparation method thereof and a use as a photoelectric material thereof. The organic polymer with an asymmetric structure is obtained by polymerization after performing Stille coupling reaction between an electron-donating unit D and an electron-withdrawing unit A in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst. The compound of the present application has good heat stability, controllable absorption level, and is suitable for the preparation of hole transport materials of high-performance perovskite solar cells with high efficiency, flexibility, good stability and a large area as well as donor materials of organic solar cells.

A photodetection device is configured to detect light and the photodetection device includes a substrate having a largest surface; a dielectric formed over the largest surface of the substrate; a first metallic electrode formed on the dielectric; a second metallic electrode formed on the dielectric, at a given distance from the first metallic electrode, to form a channel; and a single-crystal linear-chain polyfluorinated dibromo-platinum(II) diimine complex located in the channel.

A solar cell includes a first electrode, a first electron transport layer, a second electron transport layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode. The first electron transport layer includes carbon and a porous electron transport material.