The present disclosure provides a display substrate and a display apparatus, belonging to the field of display technology. The present disclosure provides a display substrate, having a plurality of island regions, bridge regions and clearance regions. The display substrate includes: at least one base including a sub-base and a buffer layer. The sub-base includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, and the buffer layer is disposed on a side of the second surface of the sub-base away from the first surface. In the at least one base, the sub-base of any base has a same orientation. At least one first opening is provided at a position of the buffer layer of the at least one base corresponding to each island region.

In order to realize a light-emitting element having high luminous efficiency in a light-emitting device with quantum dots, the light-emitting element including a hole transport layer and a light-emitting layer including a quantum dot luminescent body, the hole transport layer and the light-emitting layer being layered on each other is provided. The hole transport layer includes a compound of one or more of Cu.sup.+, Ag.sup.+, and Au.sup.+, and one or more of I.sup.−, SCN.sup.−, SeCN.sup.−, and CN.sup.−.

The present disclosure provides a light emitting diode, a method of preparing the same, and a display device. The light emitting diode includes an anode, a quantum dot light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, a cathode, and a transition layer located between the electron transport layer and the cathode, the cathode including a transparent conductive oxide material, and a material of the transition layer having a work function W.sub.F between an LUMO of a material of the electron transport layer and a work function W.sub.F of a material of the cathode.

An organic light-emitting device (OLED) includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an electron-transporting host and a hole-transporting host, a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and including a hole transport layer, and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode and including an electron transport layer, wherein the OLED satisfies Equations 1 and 2 below:
0.75 eV≤|LUMO.sub.H(ET)−LUMO.sub.H(HT)|≤0.90 eV  <Equation 1>
|E(S.sub.1,H(ET))−E(S.sub.1,H(HT))|<0.15 eV  <Equation 2> wherein in Equations 1 and 2, LUMO.sub.H(ET) refers to a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the electron-transporting host, LUMO.sub.H(HT) refers to an LUMO energy level of the hole-transporting host, E(S.sub.1, H(ET)) refers to a singlet energy level of the electron-transporting host, and E(S.sub.1, H(HT)) refers to a singlet energy level of the hole-transporting host.

An electroluminescent device, a method for fabricating the same, a display panel, and a display device are disclosed. The electroluminescent device includes a hole inject layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron inject layer. At least one of the hole inject layer, the hole transport layer, the electron transport layer, and electron inject layer is a target film including a small molecular layer and a large molecular layer which are arranged in a stacked manner.

The present disclosure relates to a plurality of host materials comprising a first host material comprising a compound represented by formula 1, and a second host material comprising a compound represented by formula 2, and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. By comprising a specific combination of compounds of the present disclosure as host materials, it is possible to provide an organic electroluminescent device having higher luminous efficiency and/or longer lifetime properties as compared with a conventional organic electroluminescent device.

An organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; m emission units stacked between the first electrode and the second electrode, each emission unit including at least one emission layer; and m−1 charge generating layers respectively located between two adjacent emission units among them emission units, each of the charge generating layers including one n-type charge generating region and one p-type charge generating region, wherein m is an integer of 2 or more, and at least one of the m−1 p-type charge generating regions includes a phosphate-containing compound.

According to one embodiment, a deposition device includes a stage, a deposition head opposed to the stage, and a chamber accommodating the stage and the deposition head. The deposition head comprises a deposition source heating a material and generating vapor, a nozzle connected to the deposition source to emit the vapor generated by the deposition source, a control plate comprising a sleeve surrounding the nozzle, and a movement mechanism moving the control plate along an extension direction of the sleeve.

According to one embodiment, a deposition device includes a stage, a deposition head opposed to the stage, and a chamber accommodating the stage and the deposition head. The deposition head comprises a deposition source heating a material and generating vapor, a nozzle connected to the deposition source to emit the vapor generated by the deposition source, a control plate comprising a sleeve surrounding the nozzle, and a movement mechanism moving the control plate along an extension direction of the sleeve.

A compound having the formula Ir(L.sub.A).sub.n(L.sub.B).sub.3−n, having the structure ##STR00001##
Formula I, is disclosed. In Formula I, each of Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3, and Z.sup.4 is CR.sup.2; X is O, S, or Se; n is an integer from 1 to 3; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 each independently represent mono- to a maximum possible number of substitutions, or no substitution; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are each independently selected from a variety of substituents; any two substitutions in R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are optionally joined to form a ring; at least one pair of substitutions in R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are joined together to form a bridge structure comprising a backbone structure that forms a fused first ring, which can be further substituted; and the backbone structure is saturated. Organic light emitting devices and consumer products containing the compounds are also disclosed.