A display apparatus is provided which may include a substrate including a display area and a non-display area adjacent to the display area, a first thin-film transistor disposed on the substrate and including a first semiconductor layer including an oxide semiconductor material, and a second thin-film transistor disposed on the substrate and including a second semiconductor layer including a silicon semiconductor material, wherein a surface roughness of the first semiconductor layer is increased by plasma treatment. A method of manufacturing the display apparatus is also provided.

A composition for forming organic film, a display device utilizing the composition, and a method of manufacturing the display device are provided. The composition for forming an organic film includes a solvent; and a compound of Formula 1:
ArR).sub.k.  Formula 1

Aspects relate to patterned nanostructures having a feature size not including film thickness of below 5 microns. The patterned nanostructures are made up of nanoparticles having an average particle size of less than 100 nm. A nanoparticle composition, which, in some cases, includes a binder, is applied to a substrate. A patterned mold used in concert with electromagnetic radiation function to manipulate the nanoparticle composition in forming the patterned nanostructure. In some embodiments, the patterned mold nanoimprints a pattern onto the nanoparticle composition and the composition is cured through UV or thermal energy. Three-dimensional patterned nanostructures may be formed. A number of patterned nanostructure layers may be prepared and joined together. In some cases, a patterned nanostructure may be formed as a layer that is releasable from the substrate upon which it is initially formed. Such releasable layers may be arranged to form a three-dimensional patterned nanostructure for suitable applications.

A method includes forming a barrier layer on a substrate, removing a portion of the barrier layer to yield a patterned barrier layer and an exposed portion of the substrate within a hole in the patterned barrier layer, forming a first portion of a perovskite on the patterned barrier layer and a second portion of the perovskite on the exposed portion of the substrate, and removing the patterned barrier layer, thereby removing the first portion of the perovskite.

Method of making an array of interconnected solar cells, including a) providing a continuous layer stack (1) of a prescribed thickness on a substrate (8), the layer stack (1) including an upper (2) and a lower (3) conductive layer having a photoactive layer (4) and a semiconducting electron transport layer (6) interposed there between; b) selectively removing the upper conductive layer (2) and the photoactive layer (4) for obtaining a contact hole (10) exposing the semiconducting electron transport layer (6); c) selectively heating the layer stack (1) to a first depth (d1) for obtaining a first heat affected zone (12) at a first centre-to-centre distance (s1) from the contact hole (10), the first heat affected zone (12) being transformed into a substantially insulating region with substantially the first depth (d1) in the layer stack, thereby locally providing an increased electrical resistivity to the layer stack (1).

A substrate (100) has optical transparency, and a light-emitting unit (140) is formed on the substrate (100). The light-emitting unit (140) includes a first electrode (110), an organic layer (120), and a second electrode (130). The organic layer (120) is located between the first electrode (110) and the second electrode (130). The second electrode (130) extends outside the light-emitting unit (140). At least an end of a portion of the second electrode (130) which is located outside the light-emitting unit (140) is oxidized.

The disclosure provides a method of manufacturing an organic electronic device, including providing a layered device structure, the layered device structure including a plurality of electrodes and an electronically active region, said providing of the layered device structure including steps of providing an organic semiconducting layer, applying a structuring layer to the organic semiconducting layer, the structuring layer having a first region and a second region, the first region being covered by a layer material, applying a contact improving layer to the structuring layer by depositing at least one of an organic dopant material and an organic dopant-matrix material at least in the first region, depositing a layer material on the contact improving layer at least in the first region, and removing the structuring layer at least in the second region. Furthermore, an organic electronic device is provided.

Disclosed is a charge connection layer, a method for manufacturing the same, and a laminated OLED component. The charge connection layer includes a first material layer and a second material layer which are both provided therein with protrudes and recessions. Each protrude of the first material layer extends into a corresponding recession of the second material layer. Each protrude of the second material layer extends into a corresponding recession of the first material layer. The charge connection layer is able to generate more carriers, whereby the performance of the charge connection layer can be improved, and the efficiency and lifespan of the laminated OLED component can be prolonged and improved.

The manufacturing method provided by this application comprises: providing a substrate on which a plurality of pixel defining layers are arranged at intervals; disposing a hole injection layer on the substrate; disposing a hole transport layer on the hole injection layer; disposing an organic light emitting layer on the hole transport layer; disposing an electron transport layer on the organic light emitting layer and the pixel defining layers; and disposing a cathode metal layer on the electron transport layer, wherein the cathode metal layer comprises a first area located above the pixel defining layers; and processing the cathode metal layer in the first area.

The invention relates to an organic light-emitting device (OLED) comprising at least: a first electrode; a second electrode; an organic light emissive layer arranged between said first electrode and said second electrode; and an organic charge transport layer arranged between said first electrode and said emissive layer, wherein i) the charge transport layer is patterned or provided with a periodic surface structure on a surface of the charge transport layer facing the emissive layer, and/or ii) an alignment layer which allows for charge transport to the emissive layer is provided between said charge transport layer and said emissive layer, which alignment layer promotes alignment of the optical dipoles of molecules of said light emissive layer towards a common preferred direction of the molecular axes. The use of the patterned or structured charge transport layer and/or the alignment layer provides improved light out coupling from the OLED layer stack, i.e. increased external quantum efficiency.