A method of cold-forming a ball plunger blank includes providing a slug having a generally cylindrical surface extending between a first end and a second end, transferring the slug to a first forming station, at the first forming station forming an indentation in at least one of the first and second ends, and rotating the slug and transferring the slug to a second forming station. The method further includes extruding a first bore through the first end while simultaneously forming a hemispherical surface at the second end, backward extruding a second bore at the first end, and forming a counterbore in the second end.

An exhaust valve spindle for an exhaust valve in an internal combustion engine has a shaft and a valve disc at the lower end of the shaft, which valve disc at its upper surface has a seat area. The seat area is of a seat material comprising at least from 34.0 to 44.0% Cr, an aggregate amount of Nb and Ta in the range from at least 2.8 to 6.1%, from 0.3 to 2.0% Ti, at the most 0.2% Al, at the most 0.04% B, at the most 0.8% Fe, at the most 0.04% C, at the most 0.4% Si, and a balance of Ni, where the amount of Ti+Nb+0.5Ta is in the range from 3.4 to 6.6%, and where the amount of Nb+0.5Ta is less than 3.0% if the amount of Ti is larger than 1.5%.

A valve timing varying device includes a housing rotor (20) composed of a front side housing member (22) and a rear side housing member (21), a vane rotor (30), and an urging spring (40) for rotationally urging the vane rotor in one direction with respect to the housing rotor. The urging spring has a coil part, a first end provided outside in a radial direction with respect to the coil part, and a second end provided inside in the radial direction with respect to the coil part. The front side housing member has a first latching concave part for latching the first end on an inside wall face. The vane rotor has an accommodation concave part for accommodating at least a part of the coil part at the front end side, and a second latching concave part for latching the second end in an area facing an opening.

An apparatus for setting a clearance has a movable body and a valve guide. A valve body is disposed along the axis of the movable body, and a bore hole is formed in the movable body. The bore hole is formed on the axis and includes a first bore with a first diameter, a receiving surface, and a second bore. A tool having a forward surface is inserted into the bore hole and pressed against the receiving surface. The flow of a fluid between the guide cylinder and the movable body is determined and compared against a standard. If it does not meet the criteria, the force is adjusted and reapplied until it meets the desired value.