MOTORIST USER INTERFACE SENSOR

Abstract

A steering wheel that includes optoelectronic components, each specific optoelectronic component including a light projector projecting light out of the steering wheel at two different angles, denoted a1 and a2, a light sensor detecting reflections of the light projected by neighboring optoelectronic components by an object above the steering wheel, a lens oriented relative to the light sensor such that the light sensor receives maximum intensity when light enters the lens at either of two particular angles, specifically, when light enters the lens at a particular angle b1, and at a particular angle b2 different than b1, wherein angle b1 views reflections of light projected at angle a1 by the optoelectronic component neighboring the specific optoelectronic component on one side, and angle b2 views reflections of light projected at angle a2 by the optoelectronic component neighboring the specific optoelectronic component on the side opposite the one side.

Claims

1. A steering wheel comprising a series of optoelectronic components mounted in the steering wheel grip, each specific optoelectronic component comprising: a PCB; a light projector, comprising at least one light pulse emitter mounted on said PCB, the light projector projecting light out of said steering wheel grip at two different angles relative to the plane of the steering grip, denoted a1 and a2; a light sensor, comprising at least one light detector mounted on said PCB, the light sensor detecting reflections of the light projected by the light projectors of the optoelectronic components that neighbor the specific optoelectronic component on two opposite sides thereof, the light being reflected by an object above the steering wheel grip; a lens oriented relative to said light sensor in such a manner that said light sensor receives maximum intensity when light enters the lens at either of two particular angles, specifically, said light sensor receives maximum intensity when the light reflected by the object enters the lens at a particular angle b1 relative to the plane of the steering grip, and said light sensor also receives maximum intensity when light reflected by the object enters the lens at a particular angle b2 relative to the plane of the steering grip, b2 being different than b1, wherein reflections of light projected at angle a1 by the light projector of the optoelectronic component neighboring the specific optoelectronic component on one side enter the lens at angle b1, and reflections of light projected at angle a2 by the light projector of the optoelectronic component neighboring the specific optoelectronic component on the side opposite the one side enter the lens at angle b2.

2. The steering wheel of claim 1, wherein reflections of light projected at angle a1 by two optoelectronic components positioned on one side of the specific optoelectronic component enter the lens at angle b1.

3. The steering wheel of claim 1, wherein said light projector comprises a beam splitter that splits light from the at least one light pulse emitter to light projected out of the steering wheel grip at angles a1 and a2.

4. The steering wheel of claim 1, wherein said light projector comprises a first light pulse emitter that projects light out of the steering wheel grip at angle a1, and a second light pulse emitter that projects light out of the steering wheel grip at angle a2.

5. The steering wheel of claim 1, wherein each of the at least one light pulse detector receives maximum intensity when the light reflected by the object enters said lens at angle b1, and also receives maximum intensity when light reflected by the object enters said lens at angle b2.

6. The steering wheel of claim 1, wherein said light sensor comprises a first light detector that receives maximum intensity when the light reflected by the object enters said lens at angle b1, and a second light detector that receives maximum intensity when light reflected by the object enters said lens at angle b2.

7. The steering wheel of claim 1, further comprising a processor, connected to said optoelectronic components, configured to identify a swipe gesture by the object in a first direction across the steering wheel grip in response to a specific optoelectronic component detecting maximum intensity of reflections of the object at one of angles b1 and b2, followed by the specific optoelectronic component detecting maximum intensity of reflections of the object at the other of angles b1 and b2.

8. The steering wheel of claim 1, further comprising a processor, connected to said optoelectronic components, configured to identify a swipe gesture by the object in a first direction across the steering wheel grip in response to a first specific optoelectronic component detecting maximum intensity of reflections of the object at one of angles b1 and b2, followed by a second optoelectronic component, neighboring the first optoelectronic component, detecting maximum intensity of reflections of the object at the other of angles b1 and b2.

9. The steering wheel of claim 8, wherein said processor is further configured to identify a swipe gesture by the object in a second direction across the steering wheel grip in response to the first specific optoelectronic component detecting maximum intensity of reflections of the object at one of angles b1 and b2, followed by the second optoelectronic component, detecting maximum intensity of reflections of the object at the same one of angles b1 and b2.

10. The steering wheel of claim 1, further comprising a processor, connected to said optoelectronic components, configured to identify an approach gesture by the object toward the steering wheel grip in response to a specific optoelectronic component detecting maximum intensity of reflections of light projected by the light projector of a first neighboring optoelectronic component at one of angles b1 and b2, followed by detecting maximum intensity of reflections of light projected by the light projector of a second neighboring optoelectronic component at the same one of angles b1 and b2, wherein the second neighboring optoelectronic component is nearer to the specific optoelectronic component than is the first neighboring optoelectronic component.

11. The steering wheel of claim 1, wherein said PCB is oriented substantially perpendicular to the surface of the steering wheel grip facing the driver.

12. The steering wheel of claim 1, wherein reflected light directed into said lens at angles b1 and b2 is respectively perpendicular to light directed out of said lens at angles a1 and a2.

13. A method for detecting driver input, comprising: providing a series of optoelectronic components in a steering wheel grip, each specific optoelectronic component including a light emitter and a light detector, wherein the light emitter projects light beams in two emission directions out of the steering wheel grip, at angles a1 and a2 relative to the plane of the steering wheel grip; orienting a lens within each specific optoelectronic component such that the specific optoelectronic component light detector detects maximum intensity of reflections of the light projected by optoelectronic components that neighbor the specific optoelectronic component when the reflected light enters the lens at angles b1 and b2, the light being reflected by an object above the steering wheel grip; and mapping driver input to locations along the steering wheel grip that correspond to detections of the reflections.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising identifying an approach gesture by the object in response to detecting reflections of light projected by a distant neighboring optoelectronic component followed by detecting reflections of light projected by a near neighboring optoelectronic component.

15. The method of claim 13, further comprising identifying a radial swipe gesture by the object in a first direction across the steering wheel grip in response to detecting reflections of the object entering the lens at angle b1 followed by detecting reflections of the object entering the lens at angle b2.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising identifying a swipe gesture by the object in a second direction across the steering wheel grip in response to a first optoelectronic component detecting reflections of the object entering the lens at one of angles b1 and b2, followed by a second optoelectronic component, neighboring the first optoelectronic component, detecting reflections of the object entering the lens at the same one of angles b1 and b2.

17-25. (canceled)

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The present invention will be more fully understood and appreciated from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the drawings in which:

[0015] FIG. 1 is a simplified illustration of a prior art steering wheel;

[0016] FIG. 2 is an image of a prior art vehicle overhead console;

[0017] FIG. 3 is a simplified illustration of a steering wheel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] FIGS. 4 and 5 are simplified illustrations of a thumb swipe gesture detected by a steering wheel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] FIG. 6 is a simplified illustration of the light beams and corridors of maximum light detection provided for a gesture-detecting steering wheel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] FIG. 7 is a simplified illustration of optoelectronic components mounted on a PCB in a steering wheel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] FIG. 8 is the illustration of FIG. 7 with the addition of light beams and corridors of maximum light detection provided for a gesture-detecting steering wheel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] FIGS. 9-11 are simplified illustrations of optoelectronic components mounted in a segment of a steering wheel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] FIG. 12 is a simplified illustration of two optoelectronic components in a steering wheel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] FIG. 13 is a simplified illustration of an optoelectronic component, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] FIG. 14 is an exploded view of the optoelectronic component of FIG. 13, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] FIG. 15 is a simplified illustration of the optoelectronic component of FIG. 13 viewed from a different perspective, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] FIG. 16 is a simplified illustration of a touch gesture on a vehicle overhead console touchscreen, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] FIG. 17 is a simplified illustration of a hand performing a wave gesture in the airspace opposite the vehicle overhead console touchscreen of FIG. 16, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] FIGS. 18 and 19 are simplified illustrations of different stages of a hand wave gesture in the airspace opposite the vehicle overhead console touchscreen of FIG. 16, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0030] FIGS. 20 and 21 are simplified illustrations of a touchscreen user interface for a vehicle overhead console, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] In the disclosure and figures, the following numbering scheme is used. Like numbered elements are similar but not necessarily identical.

TABLE-US-00001 Type of element Numbering range steering wheel 100-104 PCB 105-109 light emitter 110-114 light detector 115-119 lens or optical part 120-129 optoelectronic component 150-159 outgoing light beam 160-169 viewing angle 170-179 hotspot 180-189 hand 190-199 prior art elements 400-410 prior art vehicle overhead console 600 map light 601 roof panel control 602 cabin light slide switch 603 touchscreen display 604 map light icon 605-607 open/close sunroof icon 608 sunroof pop-up vent icon 609 open/close moonroof icon 610 finger 611 fingers 612 in-air detection plane 613 movement direction arrows 614 vehicle interior roof 615 rearview mirror 616 front windshield 617

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to light-based touch and gesture controls that allow a driver to keep his hands on the steering wheel and eyes on the road while operating electronic devices and automated features in a vehicle. Detection of ergonomic gestures is enabled by the sensors described herein, and the invention includes methods of interacting with systems in the vehicle using the ergonomic gestures on the steering wheel.

[0033] Reference is made to FIG. 3, which is a simplified illustration of a steering wheel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 shows steering wheel 100. The upper-right segment of the steering wheel ring member has two concentric bands of proximity sensors, 180 and 181. In FIG. 3 each proximity sensor has a light emitter (not shown) that emits a directed light beam 160 outwards from the steering wheel, and a light detector (not shown) having a specific viewing angle 170. In the figures, emitter beams and viewing angles are drawn using dashed lines. The emitter beams are drawn using longer dashes than the viewing angles. The proximity sensor light detector detects an object when light beam 160 is reflected back at the detector's specific viewing angle 170. FIG. 3 shows the intersection between each emitter beam 160 and a respective detector viewing angle 170. The intersection is the location at which an object will be maximally detected by the proximity sensor. The steering wheel's concentric bands of proximity sensors identify swipe gestures across the width of the steering wheel grip. Viewing angle 170 is also referred to as a corridor of maximum detection.

[0034] Reference is made to FIGS. 4 and 5, which are simplified illustrations of a thumb swipe gesture detected by a steering wheel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate a swipe gesture performed by the driver's thumb of hand 190 gripping steering wheel 100. In FIG. 4 the driver's radially extended thumb is detected by inner band 181 of proximity sensors, and in FIG. 5 the driver's thumb is detected by outer band 180 of proximity sensors. This gesture is efficient and comfortable for the driver gripping the wheel, as the driver radially extends her thumb from the palm (FIG. 4) and then adducts the thumb to sweep it upward across the width of the steering wheel (FIG. 5). The reverse gesture—abducting the thumb from the position in FIG. 5 to the position in FIG. 4—is also efficient and comfortable for the driver. Other gestures, such as moving a finger or hand along one of the bands 180 and 181, are also supported by embodiments of the present invention.

[0035] Reference is made to FIG. 6, which is a simplified illustration of the light beams and corridors of maximum light detection provided for a gesture-detecting steering wheel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 shows two complete concentric circles 180, 181 of proximity sensors along the grip of steering wheel 100.

[0036] Reference is made to FIG. 7, which is a simplified illustration of optoelectronic components mounted on a PCB in a steering wheel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 shows the steering wheel of FIG. 6 with the upper portion of the steering wheel grip removed to expose PCB 105 and a plurality of optoelectronic components 150 mounted upright on PCB 105; i.e., optoelectronic components 150 are oriented substantially perpendicular to PCB 105 and to the surface of the steering wheel grip facing the driver. Some steering wheel ring members include an inner ring made of a stiff material shaped into a bent or curved cross-section that strengthens the steering wheel ring, as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,714,844, incorporated herein in its entirety by reference, and illustrated therein in FIGS. 13A-13N. In certain embodiments of the invention, optoelectronic components 150 are mounted between the walls formed by the bent or curved inner ring cross-section to protect optoelectronic components 150. Each optoelectronic component 150 includes a PCB, one or more emitters, one or more detectors and a lens that directs light beams 160 and creates viewing angles 170 for the detectors. The upper portion of the steering wheel grip, not shown in FIG. 7, is light-transmissive to enable beams 160 to travel out of steering wheel 100 and to enable reflections of beams 160 to re-enter steering wheel 100 and reach the detectors. When optoelectronic components 150 are mounted between the walls formed by the bent or curved inner ring cross-section, beams 160 pass through the opening in the bent or curved cross-section.

[0037] Reference is made to FIG. 8, which is the illustration of FIG. 7 with the addition of light beams and corridors of maximum light detection provided for a gesture-detecting steering wheel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 shows the steering wheel of FIG. 7, optoelectronic components 150 and the light beams and viewing angles that enable the proximity sensors to detect objects. FIG. 8 shows the two concentric bands 180 and 181 of proximity sensors by illustrating intersections between emitter beams and viewing angles for all of the optoelectronic components.

[0038] Reference is made to FIGS. 9-11, which are simplified illustrations of optoelectronic components mounted in a segment of a steering wheel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 9-11 show a portion of steering wheel 100 without its upper surface, exposing PCB 105 and six or seven optoelectronic components 150. The emitter beams 160 and detector viewing angles 170 for each optoelectronic component 150 are shown. The intersection between each emitter beam 160 and the viewing angle 170 of a corresponding detector is the location at which an object, reflecting beam 160, is detected. Each optoelectronic component 150 in FIGS. 9-11 has two emitter beams and two detector viewing angles. The emitter beams are projected out of the component at divergent angles, denoted a1 and a2, and the viewing angles are denoted b1 and b2. Projection angles a1 and a2 and viewing angles b1 and b2 are shown in FIG. 13. FIGS. 9-11 also show that the two emitter beams of optoelectronic component n are intersected by the viewing angles of optoelectronic component n−1 and optoelectronic component n+1, respectively. This relationship between neighboring optoelectronic components is further illustrated in FIG. 12.

[0039] Reference is made to FIG. 12, which is a simplified illustration of two optoelectronic components in a steering wheel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 shows two, neighboring optoelectronic components 151 and 152 mounted on PCB 105.

[0040] Optoelectronic component 151 projects emitter beams 161 and 162 and detects light arriving at viewing angles 171 and 172. Optoelectronic component 152 projects emitter beams 163 and 164 and detects light arriving at viewing angles 173 and 174. A location along an emitter beam that is located along the viewing angle of a detector is referred to as a “hotspot”. Reflections of the light beam by an object at this location are maximally detected by the detector. In certain embodiments of the invention, the hotspots are located at, or near, the outer surface of the steering wheel grip facing the driver. In other embodiments of the invention, the hotspots are located in airspace above the outer surface of the steering wheel grip facing the driver. In still other embodiments of the invention, some of the hotspots are nearer to the steering wheel grip than others. Two hotspots 182 and 183 are indicated in FIG. 12. Hotspot 183 is at the intersection of emitter beam 163 and viewing angle 171. Hotspot 182 is at the intersection of emitter beam 162 and viewing angle 173. Hotspot 183 is located along outer band 180 of the proximity sensors in FIGS. 3-6, and hotspot 182 is located along inner band 181 of the proximity sensors in FIGS. 3-6. Thus the concentric bands or arcs of the proximity sensors in FIGS. 3-6 are actually hotspots created by the emitters and detectors of optoelectronic components 150. The two emitter beams emitted by each optoelectronic component define a first plane, and the two viewing angles of that same optoelectronic component define a second plane that intersects the first plane. This is illustrated in FIG. 13.

[0041] Reference is made to FIG. 13, which is a simplified illustration of an optoelectronic component, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 illustrates a single optoelectronic component. The two emitter beams 161 and 162, that are projected at angles denoted a1 and a2, respectively, define a first plane and the two viewing angles 171 and 172, denoted b1 and b2, respectively, define a second plane. In some embodiments of the invention these planes are orthogonal; in other embodiments these planes intersect, but not at right angles.

[0042] FIG. 13 shows two optical parts 120 and 121 separated by air. A single emitter, e.g., a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) or a light-emitting diode (LED), is mounted underneath optical part 120 and its light is split into beams 161 and 162. A single photodiode detector is mounted underneath optical part 121. The combination of lenses and air-to-plastic surfaces in optical parts 120 and 121 provides two viewing angles 171 and 172 to this single photodiode detector. In certain embodiments of the invention each light beam is generated by a separate light emitter. In certain other embodiments of the invention a separate detector is provided for each viewing angle. And in still other embodiments of the invention each light beam is generated by a separate light emitter and a separate detector is provided for each viewing angle.

[0043] Reference is made to FIG. 14, which is an exploded view of the optoelectronic component of FIG. 13, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 shows emitter 110 and photodiode detector 115 mounted on PCB 106, covered by optical parts 120 and 121. In some embodiments, optical parts 120 and 121 are molded as a single part that is mounted on PCB 106.

[0044] Referring back to FIGS. 9-11, it can be seen that each viewing angle can be configured to intersect two emitter beams emitted by two respective optoelectronic components. These two hotspots are at different heights above the steering wheel grip, and enable detecting when the driver's hand approaches the steering wheel grip, namely, the further hotspot detects the hand first, and the nearer hotspot detects the hand second. The nearer hotspot is formed by the detector on optoelectronic component n detecting a light beam emitted by optoelectronic component n+1, and the further hotspot is formed by the detector on optoelectronic component n detecting a light beam emitted by optoelectronic component n+2.

[0045] Certain proximity sensors provide a large array of light emitters and light detectors mounted on a single PCB. This configuration requires that each emitter and each detector be placed precisely on the PCB so that they are positioned correctly in relation to their respective lenses. However, a long PCB may suffer from significant bending or warping when exposed to heat, causing a misalignment between the lenses and the components. Furthermore, when one lens part is used for more than one component, it may be difficult to position the lens part correctly. In order to overcome these problems, embodiments of the present invention use multiple PCBs, and mount a small number of emitters and detectors on each PCB, e.g., only one or two emitters and only one or two detectors.

[0046] Reference is made to FIG. 15, which is a simplified illustration of the optoelectronic component of FIG. 12 viewed from a different perspective, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a perspective view from above of the optoelectronic component of FIG. 13. The outer surface (near the viewer) of the central portion of optical part 120 has two inclined surfaces that direct light in the two directions 161 and 162.

[0047] Several options are available for connecting the optoelectronic components to each other. One option is to provide one or more rigid, main PCBs 105 along the entire steering wheel grip, and soldering or otherwise connecting each optoelectronic component's PCB 106 to the underlying rigid PCB 105. A second option is to use a rigid-flex PCB, where individual optoelectronic component PCBs 106 are connected by flexible circuit substrates, and no PCB 105 is required. The output signals from the optoelectronic components 150 are typically weak signals and therefore the connector between optoelectronic components may need to be shielded.

[0048] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to touch and mid-air gestures used to replace mechanical switches in vehicle overhead consoles for improved appearance, reduced cost, thinner profiles, reduced weight, and easy reconfiguration for different vehicles. The present invention replaces the mechanical buttons in prior art overhead consoles with touch and gesture controls, reducing complexity and part cost. In this description the terms “mid-air” and “in-air” are used interchangeably.

[0049] According to the present invention, an improved user interface for vehicle overhead console functions is provided that increases driver interaction while reducing driver distraction. The user interface of the present invention requires less time and attention to operate than prior art overhead consoles, thereby allowing the driver to focus more attention on the road. At the same time, the user interface of the present invention enables more nuanced control of console-operated functions by the driver. Thus, whereas prior art cabin lighting systems offer only rudimentary light controls, the present invention enables more comprehensive cabin mood lighting features while reducing the complexity of using these features.

[0050] The present invention combines a reconfigurable graphic display with on-surface gestures and mid-air gestures to operate the overhead console functions. The present invention requires a multi-gesture operation, namely, a touch gesture followed by a mid-air gesture to activate an overhead console function, reducing the possibility of inadvertent activation of functions. Reducing the possibility of inadvertent activation of functions is a motivation for requirements in FMVSS No. 118.

[0051] Reference is made to FIG. 16, which is a simplified illustration of a touch gesture on a vehicle overhead console touchscreen, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 shows a touchscreen 604 mounted on an interior roof 615 of a vehicle to function as an overhead console. FIG. 16 shows front windshield 617 and rearview mirror 616, to illustrate that display 604 is located where vehicle overhead consoles are typically mounted in a vehicle. Finger 611 is shown touching display 604. Display 604 presents a graphical user interface (GUI), e.g., icons for the different functions activated by the overhead console. When the user touches or taps an icon, as illustrated in FIG. 16, that function is selected on the display but not activated. In order to activate the function, the user performs a mid-air gesture in the airspace opposite display 604, e.g., a wave gesture. The direction and extent of the wave gesture determine how the function is activated. E.g., when a lighting function is selected, the forward/backward direction of the wave indicates whether to increase or decrease the lighting, and the length of the wave gesture indicates how much to increase or decrease the lighting. Furthermore, a left/right direction of the wave can be used to select another lighting variable, such as lighting mood or color. In another example, when a roof panel function is selected, the forward/backward direction of the wave indicates whether to open or close the panel, and the length of the wave gesture indicates how much to open or close the panel. Furthermore, a left/right direction of the wave can be used to select another roof panel function, such as pop-up the panel as an air vent.

[0052] In certain embodiments of the invention, the touch functionality of display 604 is enabled by an optical proximity sensor as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,164,625, entitled OPTICAL PROXIMITY SENSORS, and in U.S. Pat. No. 9,921,661, entitled OPTICAL PROXIMITY SENSOR AND ASSOCIATED USER INTERFACE, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. This optical proximity sensor creates a detection plane substantially parallel to the surface of display 604.

[0053] In certain embodiments of the invention, display 604 is an electronic paper display. In other embodiments of the invention, display 604 is mounted behind a Fiber Optic Faceplate (FOFP) which is a coherent fiber optic plate that precisely transmits an image from its input surface to its output surface. Thus, an image on the display is transmitted by the FOFP to the exposed surface of the plate and appears to the user as if the image is on the exposed surface of the faceplate. This protects the display and provides a rich user experience. In other embodiments of the invention, icons or other representations of functions are printed, engraved or embossed, on material such as leather, wood, glass or plastic mounted in the interior roof of the vehicle cabin, and the sensor detects touches on these icons. In other embodiments of the invention, icons or other representations of functions are printed, engraved or embossed on the interior roof of the vehicle cabin. In some embodiments of the invention, icons are etched into a translucent plastic plate mounted in the roof of the vehicle cabin and light emitters are arranged around the plate whereby when a light emitter is activated a corresponding etched icon reflects the emitter light and is clearly visible. Initially, all icons are thus illuminated, and when an icon is selected by the user only the selected icon is illuminated by a respective light emitter and the remaining emitters are turned off making visibility of the remaining icons less prominent.

[0054] Reference is made to FIG. 17, which is a simplified illustration of a hand performing a wave gesture in the airspace opposite the vehicle overhead console touchscreen of FIG. 16, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 17 shows the second gesture required to activate an overhead console function. FIG. 17 shows fingers 612 performing an in-air wave gesture in the airspace opposite display 604. In certain embodiments of the invention, the sensor used to detect the in-air gesture is also an optical proximity sensor as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,164,625, and 9,921,661, directed away from the surface of display 604. The detection plane of this sensor is indicated in FIG. 17 as detection plane 613. The use of this type of proximity sensor to detect in-air gestures is illustrated, inter alia, in FIG. 37 of U.S. Pat. No. 9,921,661. Furthermore, these proximity sensors detect the difference between a single finger 611 and multiple fingers 612, inter alia, based on the number and pattern of detected reflected light beams. Thus, a user interface according to the present invention further prevents inadvertent activation by requiring a single finger to perform the touch gesture and multiple fingers to perform the wave gesture in order to activate the function.

[0055] Reference is made to FIGS. 18 and 19, which are simplified illustrations of different stages of a hand wave gesture in the airspace opposite the vehicle overhead console touchscreen of FIG. 16, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 18 and 19 show an in-air front-to-back hand wave gesture. In FIG. 18 fingers 612 are opposite the top of display 604, near rearview mirror 616, and in FIG. 19 fingers 612 have moved to the bottom of display 604.

[0056] Reference is made to FIGS. 20 and 21, which are simplified illustrations of a touchscreen user interface for a vehicle overhead console, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 20 shows a user interface for display 604, including icons 605 and 606 indicating driver and passenger map lights, respectively; icon 608 indicating functions for opening and closing the sunroof; icon 609 for popping the roof panel up or down as an air vent; icon 610 indicating functions for opening and closing the moonroof; additional icons marked “OFF,” “DOOR” and “ON” controlling behavior of the interior dome light, to never go on, go on when doors are open, and remain on, respectively.

[0057] FIG. 21 shows a user interface for display 604, after the user has selected map light icon 605 in FIG. 20. In FIG. 21 the selected icon is enlarged and the non-selected icons are removed. In this state, hand wave gestures will activate the selected map light, e.g., the driver-side map light.

[0058] Tables I-XII hereinbelow provide a detailed inventory of a user interface for overhead console features according to the present invention.

[0059] Overhead consoles according to the present invention have fewer components than prior art mechanical consoles. Overhead consoles according to the present invention are also thinner and lighter, and have fewer connections, and therefore fewer potential failure points, than prior art mechanical consoles. When optical touch and gesture sensors are used, visible-lighting optics can share components with the near-infrared sensor optics, e.g., optical touch and gesture sensors include controllers for activating near-infrared LEDs used in the sensors, and these controllers can additionally control visible-light LEDs used to illuminate the cabin. Thus, overall cost is reduced and conventional bulbs are replaced with LEDs.

[0060] The present invention enables thinner and lighter packages for the overhead console, and enables using a wide range of materials for the console. It also enables blending the design of the overhead console with the vehicle interior and the vehicle theme. The components—the display, touch sensor and mid-air gesture sensor—can be reused in different vehicle themes. The sensors are offered in packages that provide LED and RGB lighting which can replace the light bulbs used in prior art map lights and interior lights, and enable focusing projected cabin lighting with direct and indirect lighting and creating nuanced mood lighting in the cabin.

[0061] The system of a touch sensor detecting touch on a surface on which representations of functions are presented and a gesture sensor detecting gestures in the airspace opposite the surface, and a user interface that combines these two gestures to activate a function, is not limited to overhead consoles. The invention can also be realized inter alia in a rearview mirror and in a side door panel.

[0062] In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made to the specific exemplary embodiments without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. In particular, sensors other than optical sensors may be used to implement the user interface, inter alia capacitive sensors disposed along the circumference of the steering wheel and on the overhead console, or cameras that capture images of the steering wheel and the airspace adjacent the overhead console. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE I Map light ON/OFF Feature Map light ON/OFF Feature feedback to user Toggle visible light on/off. Input action One finger press > 20 ms < 150 ms. Input action location 1. Dedicated position on surface (on map light). 2. Off surface dedicated position (above map light). Impact to driver attention Intuitive attention directed to light. to the road Confirmation from light on or off. Search & glance time Result unintended If ON selected inadvertently then power activation management turns light off after set time. Haptic effect Confirmation pop. Feedback sound Click. Feedback light Not required.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE II Map light brightness Feature Map light brightness Feature feedback to user Light brightness change. Input action One finger hold and then move in sensing zone left/right up/down. Input action location 1. Dedicated position on surface. 2. Off surface dedicated position. 3. Off surface adjustment after map selected on surface. Impact to driver attention Intuitive attention directed to light. to the road Confirmation from light increase or Search & glance time decrease. Haptics could increase feedback but secondary to light changing. Result unintended If dome ON then light dims, if not ON no activation action. Haptic effect Confirmation & detent/pulse (change acceleration) with movement. Feedback sound Tick or changing click. Feedback light Not required.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE III Dome light operation selection Feature feedback to user Dome light operation selection Input action ON & OFF positions the light changes but DOOR position not readily apparent. Input action location A. One finger hold in one of ON/DOOR/OFF positions for > 150 ms. B. Toggle or slide to change selection - One finger in middle position < 150 ms then finger moves direction. Impact to driver attention A.1. Three dedicated positions on surface. to the road A.2. Three dedicated positions off surface. Search & glance time A.3. Off surface selection after dome selected on surface. B.1. Three dedicated positions on surface. B.2. Three dedicated positions off surface. B.3. Off surface selection after done selected on surface. Result unintended Search reduced with intuitive location of 3 activation position selection. Glance reduced with surface geometry to feedback finger position. Haptic feedback reduces glance time. Haptic effect If selected OFF or DOOR inadvertently then map light activated as desired. Feedback sound Confirmation and release sweep-peak. Feedback light Click. Feature feedback to user Not required.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE IV Sunroof open AUTOMATIC Feature Sunroof open AUTOMATIC Feature feedback to user Roof moves to open position plus motor sound. Input action One finger hold in sunroof position and then move in opposite direction of close - left/right or up/down. Input action location 1. Dedicated protected position on surface. 2. Off surface after roof selected on surface. Impact to driver attention Search reduced with intuitive location and to the road surface geometry. Search & glance time Glance reduced for OPEN position selection with geometry and haptic feedback. Result unintended FMVSS 118 Safety function for activation Homologation not activated by 20 mm radius sphere unless auto reverse system Haptic effect Confirmation & detent/pulse (change acceleration) with movement Feedback sound Not required Feedback light Not required

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE V Sunroof close AUTOMATIC Feature Sunroof close AUTOMATIC Feature feedback to user Roof moves to close position plus motor sound. Input action One finger hold in sunroof position and then move in opposite direction of open - left/right or up/down. Input action location 1. Dedicated protected position on surface. 2. Off surface after Roof selected on surface. Impact to driver attention Search reduced with intuitive location and to the road surface geometry. Search & glance time Glance reduced for CLOSE position selection with geometry and haptic feedback. Result unintended FMVSS 118 Safety function for activation Homologation not activated by 20 mm radius sphere unless auto reverse system. Haptic effect Confirmation & detent/pulse (change acceleration) with movement. Feedback sound Not required. Feedback light Not required.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE VI Sunroof vent open AUTOMATIC Feature Sunroof vent open AUTOMATIC Feature feedback to user Roof moves to vent position plus motor sound. Input action One finger hold in sunroof vent position and then move in sensing zone left/right or up/down. Input action location 1. Dedicated protected position on surface. 2. Off surface after Roof selected on surface. Impact to driver attention Search reduced with intuitive position to the road close to roof open/close. Search & glance time Glance reduced for Vent position selection with haptic feedback. Result unintended FMVSS 118 Safety function for activation Homologation not activated by 20 mm radius sphere unless auto reverse system. Haptic effect Confirmation & detent/pulse (change acceleration) with movement. Feedback sound Not required. Feedback light Not required.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE VII Sunroof vent close AUTOMATIC Feature Sunroof vent close AUTOMATIC Feature feedback to user Roof moves to close position plus motor sound. Input action One finger hold in sunroof vent position and then move in sensing zone left/right or up/down. Input action location 1. Dedicated protected position on surface. 2. Off surface after Roof selected on surface. Impact to driver attention Search reduced with intuitive position to the road close to roof open/close. Search & glance time Glance reduced for Vent position selection with haptic feedback. Result unintended FMVSS 118 Safety function for activation Homologation not activated by 20 mm radius sphere unless auto reverse system. Haptic effect Confirmation & detent/pulse (change acceleration) with movement. Feedback sound Not required. Feedback light Not required.

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE VIII Sunshade open AUTOMATIC Feature Sunshade open AUTOMATIC Feature feedback to user Shade moves to open position plus motor sound. Input action One finger hold in sunshade position and then move in sensing zone left/right or up/down. Input action location 1. Dedicated position on surface 2. Off surface after Shade selected on surface. Impact to driver attention to the road Search & glance time Result unintended Not FMVSS 118. activation Haptic effect Confirmation & detent/pulse (change acceleration) with movement. Feedback sound Not required. Feedback light Not required.

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE IX Sunshade close AUTOMATIC Feature Sunshade close AUTOMATIC Feature feedback to user Shade moves to close position plus motor sound. Input action One finger hold in sunshade position and then move in sensing zone left/right or up/down. Input action location 1. Dedicated position on surface. 2. Off surface after Shade selected on surface Impact to driver attention to the road Search & glance time Result unintended Not FMVSS 118. activation Haptic effect Confirmation & detent/pulse (change acceleration) with movement. Feedback sound Not required. Feedback light Not required.

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE X Home link 1, 2, 3 Feature Home link 1, 2, 3 Feature feedback to user No readily apparent action. Input action One finger hold in 1/2/3 positions for > 150 ms. Input action location Dedicated position on surface. Impact to driver attention Search reduced with intuitive location and to the road graphics. Search & glance time Glanced reduced with haptics feedback of correct selection and function initiation. Result unintended Confirmation required since operation not activation readily apparent. Each function should have unique feedback haptic/light/sound to confirm correct operation. Haptic effect Confirmation and release sweep-peak. Feedback sound Click. Feedback light Can confirm selection and initiation of function.

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE XI SOS Safety Feature SOS safety Feature feedback to user No readily apparent action. Input action One finger hold in SOS position for > 150 ms. Input action location Dedicated protected position on surface. Impact to driver attention Search reduced with graphics and to the road location. Search & glance time Glanced reduced with haptic feedback of selection and initiation. Result unintended Safety feature, so protected input with activation geometry should have unique feedback haptic/light/sound. Haptic effect Confirmation and release sweep-peak. Feedback sound Feedback light Illumination color change or flash.

TABLE-US-00013 TABLE XII Storage bin Feature Storage bin Feature feedback to user Open door. Input action One finger hold in bin open position for > 150 ms. Input action location Dedicated position on surface. Impact to driver attention Search reduced with location on door. to the road Glance reduced with haptic confirmation Search & glance time and door starts to open. Result unintended Operation starts bin open or not with activation readily apparent feedback. Haptic effect Confirmation and release sweep-peak. Feedback sound Click. Feedback light Not required.