The present invention provides a sensor for detecting a bioanalyte, comprising: a substrate; a pair of terminal electrodes disposed on the substrate in mutually spaced apart and opposing relation; and a non-insulating sensing element applied to a surface of the substrate, between and in electrical contact with the pair of terminal electrodes wherein the sensing element provides a conduction path between the terminal electrodes, wherein the sensing element comprises an oxygen-deficient metal oxide layer and a bioanalyte binding site, and wherein when a voltage is applied across the sensor, an electrical signal is generated that is proportional to a change in conductance of the sensing element corresponding to binding of a bioanalyte to the bioanalyte binding site.

Described herein are nucleic acid-based electrochemical proximity assays (ECPAs) for sample quantification. The invention may also include a biosensor with a sensing mechanism that uses a pair of aptamers or antibodies that bind the target of interest. More specifically, the invention relates to an electrochemical-based read out of a sensing mechanism that uses a nucleic acid-based proximity assay in conjunction with a pair of aptamers or antibodies for sample quantification. The biosensor or a set of biosensors can be used either as a standalone measurement system for a single analyte target or as a component of a multiplexed cartridge for multiple analytes.

Described herein is an immobilization-free, electrochemical method of detecting a target DNA sequence in a sample. The method includes: incubating the sample with a detection mixture, applying an electric field including an alternating current electric field and a direct current offset to the detection mixture to concentrate nucleic acids in the sample and the nucleic acid probe on a positively charged working electrode, wherein a Class 2 Cas protein trans-cleaved electroactive probe is released from the nucleic acid probe when the target DNA is present in the sample and diffuses toward a negatively charged electrode; and measuring the current as potential is applied, wherein detection of a current in the detection mixture indicates the presence of the target DNA sequence in the sample.

The present disclosure presents glucose sensing methods and systems. One such system comprises an electrospun-nanofibrous-membrane (ENFM)-based amperometric glucose sensor integrated on a silicon chip, in which the glucose sensor has a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode, wherein the working electrode comprises an ENFM-based sensing electrode. The system further comprises a potentiostat circuit integrated on the silicon chip such that the potentiostat circuit comprises a voltage control unit to control a voltage difference between the working electrode and the reference electrode and a transimpedance amplifier to measure a current flow between the working electrode and the counter electrode, in which a strength of the current flow corresponds to an amount of glucose present in a sample of blood on the glucose sensor.

Various aspects of the present disclosure provide methods, apparatus and systems for single-molecule biosensors having nanowire or nanoribbon bridges between electrodes for sequencing and information storage and reading. In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides nanofabrication of biomolecular sensing devices beginning with parallel arrangements of transferable nanowires or nanoribbons, and provides in general methods of manufacturing biosensor devices for sequencing DNA or RNA and analyzing biomolecules.

Described herein is an implantable device having a sensor configured to detect an amount of an analyte, a pH, a temperature, strain, or a pressure; and an ultrasonic transducer with a length of about 5 mm or less in the longest dimension, configured to receive current modulated based on the analyte amount, the pH, the temperature, or the pressure detected by the sensor, and emit an ultrasonic backscatter based on the received current. The implantable device can be implanted in a subject, such as an animal or a plant. Also described herein are systems including one or more implantable devices and an interrogator comprising one or more ultrasonic transducers configured to transmit ultrasonic waves to the one or more implantable devices or receive ultrasonic backscatter from the one or more implantable devices. Also described are methods of detecting an amount of an analyte, a pH, a temperature, a strain, or a pressure.

Described herein is an implantable device having a sensor configured to detect an amount of an analyte, a pH, a temperature, strain, or a pressure; and an ultrasonic transducer with a length of about 5 mm or less in the longest dimension, configured to receive current modulated based on the analyte amount, the pH, the temperature, or the pressure detected by the sensor, and emit an ultrasonic backscatter based on the received current. The implantable device can be implanted in a subject, such as an animal or a plant. Also described herein are systems including one or more implantable devices and an interrogator comprising one or more ultrasonic transducers configured to transmit ultrasonic waves to the one or more implantable devices or receive ultrasonic backscatter from the one or more implantable devices. Also described are methods of detecting an amount of an analyte, a pH, a temperature, a strain, or a pressure.

One aspect is a device for processing a filament in a process stream, including at least one processing beam source, designed and arranged for emitting at least one processing beam which is suitable for processing a segment of the filament by interaction of the at least one processing beam with the segment of the filament, thereby obtaining a processed filament. The device includes a guide, including a filament feed which is arranged upstream of the at least one processing beam source, and is designed to feed the filament from a feed reel. The guide is designed and arranged to guide the filament so that during the processing the segment of the filament inclines an angle with a vertical axis in the range from 0 to 45°.

The present disclosure provides new approaches in developing templated polymer-based chemical receptors. At least some embodiments of the invention use a stimuli-responsive polymer [e.g., poly-Nisopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM)] as a polymer backbone with the incorporation of functional monomers (for analyte recognition). In at least some embodiments of the invention, vinylferrocene may be used as a redox-active label for electrochemical transduction.

Nanostructured microelectrodes and biosensing devices incorporating the same are disclosed herein.