A method for quantifying a target substance, comprising: bringing a sample containing the target substance into contact with a biosensor which comprises an enzyme electrode containing an oxidoreductase and a counter electrode; measuring a change in the potential difference between the enzyme electrode and the counter electrode due to oxidation reaction of the target substance catalyzed by the oxidoreductase; and calculating the concentration of the target substance based on the change in the potential difference; wherein a potential is applied between the enzyme electrode and the counter electrode before the measurement of the change in the potential difference.

NADP-dependent oxidoreductase compositions, and electrodes, sensors and systems that include the same. Analyte sensors include an electrode having a sensing layer disposed thereon, the sensing layer comprising a polymer and an enzyme composition distributed therein. The enzyme composition includes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P).sup.+) or derivative thereof; an NAD(P).sup.+-dependent dehydrogenase; an NAD(P)H oxidoreductase; and an electron transfer agent comprising a transition metal complex.

A method for optical imaging of single protein molecules including tethering single protein molecules via a flexible polymer linker to a glass slide having a surface coated with an indium tin oxide (ITO) so that the single protein molecules are tethered to the coated surface. The single protein molecules are driven into oscillation by applying an alternating electric field to the coated surface and the glass slide is located in the field of view of an objective lens. Incident light is directed onto the coated surface from an angle to generate an evanescent field and produce scattered light. The scattered light is collected and imaged by a CMOS imager to record a sequence of images of the scattered light. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) filter is applied to each pixel of the recorded image sequence to produce an oscillation amplitude image from which size, charge, and mobility of the plurality of single protein molecules can be determined.

Devices, systems, and methods are used for personalized monitoring of changes in metabolism as a function of external parameters such as food or physical exercise. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to electrochemical strips for detecting the amount of biomarker for fat metabolism, in particular, glycerol.

The object of the invention is to increase the detection specificity of biosensors. The present invention provides a biosensor characterized in that it comprises an identifier substance that can bind to a detection target substance and an electrode that takes the charge of said identifier substance, wherein the biosensor detects the change in the charge density of said electrode generated by the binding of said detection target substance with said identifier substance, the surface of said electrode is coated with polycatecholamine, all or a part of said electrode surface coated with polycatecholamine further has a polymer layer formed thereon which has a molecular imprint having a structure complementary to the molecular structure of the detection target substance formed therein, said polymer layer comprises said identifier substance, and said polymer layer is an ultrathin film layer.

A method for diagnosing COVID-19 infection of a person. The method includes acquiring a sputum sample of the person, measuring a level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the sputum sample, and detecting a COVID-19 infection status of the person based on the measured level of ROS. Measuring the level of ROS in the sputum sample includes recording a cyclic voltammetry (CV) pattern from the sputum sample and measuring a current peak of the recorded CV pattern. Detecting the COVID-19 infection status of the person based on the measured level of ROS includes detecting the person is infected with COVID-19 if the measured current peak is in a first range of current peaks and detecting the person is not infected with COVID-19 if the measured current peak is in a second range of current peaks.

The present disclosure relates to biosensors (10) having a receptor layer (5) and a mediator layer (6), the receptor layer including ethylene receptor molecules. The present disclosure also relates to sensor units (20) comprising one or more biosensors (10) and a controller (11). In some embodiments, one or more sensor units (20) may be in wireless communication with a receiver module or a network gateway.

Provided herein is a biosensor suitable for use in measuring membrane fluidity or membrane permeability. The biosensor is formed of a solid substrate having a lipid bilayer compatible surface and a multi-lamellar lipid membrane structure localized on the lipid bilayer compatible surface. The multi-lamellar lipid membrane structure can be derived from a biological cell further comprising one or more synthetic lipids. An electrode forming all or part of the lipid bilayer compatible surface may be used to detect disruptions in the lipid membrane structure and hemolytic activity in a test sample.

The present disclosure relates to an electrochemical sensor including: a substrate: a plurality of working electrodes formed on the substrate; and a single reference electrode formed on the substrate, wherein a separation distance between the single reference electrode and the plurality of working electrodes formed around the reference electrode satisfies Equation 1 below, and a method for manufacturing the same.

[00001]$\text{50}\mu \text{}\text{m}\le \text{Distance between the electrodes}\le \text{5}\text{mm}$

A thin form of an electrical connector for creating a detachable connection between two circuit elements is disclosed. When the connector is employed, only an outer electrode present on a portion of the connector is exposed to the ambient environment and the rest of the electronics of both the connector and of a device into which the device is integrated can be insulated from the ambient environment. The parts of the connector can create a small three-dimensional interlock structure to seal off contact area and to facilitate electrical contacts between two circuit elements. The connector structure is flexible, allowing the connector to be embedded into a curved surface of a device that can use the electrode exposed to the environment to obtain data regarding the environment.