This disclosure provides chips, systems and methods for sequencing a nucleic acid sample. Tagged nucleotides are provided into a reaction chamber comprising a nanopore in a membrane. An individual tagged nucleotide of the tagged nucleotides can contain a tag coupled to a nucleotide, which tag is detectable with the aid of the nanopore. Next, an individual tagged nucleotide of the tagged nucleotides can be incorporated into a growing strand complementary to a single stranded nucleic acid molecule derived from the nucleic acid sample. With the aid of the nanopore, a tag associated with the individual tagged nucleotide can be detected upon incorporation of the individual tagged nucleotide. The tag can be detected with the aid of the nanopore when the tag is released from the nucleotide.

The invention generally relates to electrophoretic mass spectrometry probes and systems and methods of uses thereof. In certain aspects, the invention provides a mass spectrometry probe having a hollow body with a distal tip, an electrically conductive hollow conduit, and an electrode. The electrically conductive hollow conduit may be operably coupled to a reservoir and a power source, and the electrically conductive hollow conduit may be configured to transport a liquid sample into the hollow body and polarize the liquid sample as it flows through the electrically conductive hollow conduit and into in the hollow body. The electrode and the electrically conductive hollow conduit are disposed within the hollow body (e.g., at different heights within the hollow body).

When laser-irradiation portions of N capillaries with capillary numbers n=1, 2, . . . , and N are arranged on a same plane, a laser-irradiation intensity of each capillary is denoted by L(n), and an output intensity of each capillary by a computer when a light emitting substance having an equal concentration exists inside each capillary is denoted by H(n), an absolute value of an average value of a second derivative of H(n) becomes smaller than an absolute value of an average value of a second derivative of L(n) for any refractive index n.sub.3 of a separation medium in a range of 1.33n.sub.31.41 by digital correction by the computer, which changes according to the refractive index n.sub.3 (see FIG. 11).

The electrophoresis method includes the following steps: electrically injecting a sample into an electrophoresis flow path through one end thereof; subjecting the injected sample to electrophoresis to be separated by applying a voltage to both ends of the electrophoresis flow path; detecting the separated sample component at a detection position of the electrophoresis flow path; obtaining a peak area of the detected sample component; and correcting the obtained peak area on the basis of an injection rate of each sample component. Correction based on the injection rate includes, a correction based on a relative mobility of the sample component and at least one of: a correction based on the linear velocity at the time of sample injection for each sample component and a correction based on the current integral value at the time of sample injection.

A point-of-care diagnostic system that includes a cartridge and a reader. The cartridge can contain a patient sample, such as a blood sample. The cartridge is inserted into the reader and the patient sample is analyzed. The reader contains various analysis systems, such as an electrophoresis detection system that uses electrophoresis testing to identify and quantify various components of the blood sample. The reader can process data from the various patient sample analysis to provide interpretative results indicative of a disorder, condition, disease and/or infection of the patient.

A display control apparatus includes a memory and a circuit. The circuit obtains an electrophoretic image from the memory, causes a display to display the electrophoretic image as a first display image, receives a selection of a first pixel in the electrophoretic image displayed on the display, obtains one or more first useful proteins corresponding to the first pixel and one or more second useful proteins corresponding to one or more second pixels, a length between the first pixel and each of the one or more second pixels being less than or equal to a first length among the pixels, and causes the display to display the electrophoretic image, the one or more first useful proteins, and the one or more second useful proteins as a second display image.

A sensor using electrophoresis may include a microfluidic channel and electrodes on opposite sides of the microfluidic channel to generate an electric field across, or normal to, the channel. The electric field may be used to drive charged particles of material, particularly material suspended in fluid in the microfluidic channel, toward or away from the one of the electrodes. The electric field may be modulated to allow material to continue flowing through the microfluidic channel, to remove non-target material, or to measure another target material.

A method comprising effecting a change in a shape of a droplet, wherein the droplet is disposed over a substrate in sensing proximity to a sensor and the droplet has a starting surface area exposed to the sensor; and producing an expanded surface area of the droplet in the sensing proximity exposed to the sensor, wherein the expanded surface area exposed to the sensor is greater than the starting surface area exposed to the sensor.

Provided is a method for analyzing a sample comprising hemoglobin A2 by capillary electrophoresis using an alkaline aqueous solution comprising a cationic polymer, which is the analysis method including the following steps: I) obtaining an electropherogram of the sample by capillary electrophoresis; 2) specifying a detection time Tx of an X peak; 3) specifying a detection time Ta2 of an HbA2 peak; 4) specifying a detection time Ty of a Y peak; 5) calculating a correction coefficient from a relative relationship of the detection time Tx, Ta2, and Ty; 6) calculating a ratio of an HbA2 peak area to a total peak area or a ratio of a Y peak area to the total peak area in an electropherogram; and 7) correcting the ratio of the HbA2 peak area or the ratio of the Y peak area with the correction coefficient.

The present disclosure relates to fluidic systems and devices for processing, extracting, or purifying one or more analytes. These systems and devices can be used for processing samples and extracting nucleic acids, for example by isotachophoresis. In particular, the systems and related methods can allow for extraction of nucleic acids, including non-crosslinked nucleic acids, from samples such as tissue or cells. The systems and devices can also be used for multiplex parallel sample processing.